рꙑꙁь

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Old Novgorodian

Etymology

First attested in c. 1140‒1160. From early *рꙑгь (*rygĭ) with Old Pskovian reflex *ď > early *g > late z, inherited from Proto-Slavic *ryďь, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *rūˀdjas, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ruHdʰ-yo-s, ultimately from *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”). A typical Old Novgorodian would be expected as *рꙑжь (*ryžĭ). Cognate with Old East Slavic рꙑжь (ryžĭ), Old Church Slavonic рꙑждь (ryždĭ).

Adjective

рꙑꙁь • (ryźĭ)

(Old Pskovian) red, reddish-brown (horse color)
- c. 1140‒1160, Kovalev, Roman K., transl., Берестяная грамота № 160 [Birchbark letter no. 160]‎, Novgorod:
  … продаите половъи конь а риꙁьи къринитевъ [х]лѣвъ а бѫ{ръ}ръи напишите …
  … prodaite polovŷi konĭ a rizĭi kŭrinitevŭ lěvŭ a bǫ{rŭ}rŷi napišite …
  Sell the light yellow stallion; and the chestnut buy into the stable; and the brown write down (apparently, into some sort of a list).

Declension

Short declension of рꙑꙁь (soft o/a stem)

	singular			dual			plural
	masculine	neuter	feminine	masculine	neuter	feminine	masculine	neuter	feminine
nominative	рꙑꙁь ryzĭ	рꙑꙁѥ ryzje	рꙑꙁꙗ ryzja	рꙑꙁꙗ ryzja	рꙑꙁи ryzi		рꙑꙁи ryzi	рꙑꙁꙗ ryzja	рꙑꙁѣ ryzě
genitive	рꙑꙁꙗ ryzja		рꙑꙁѣ ryzě	рꙑꙁю ryzju			рꙑꙁь ryzĭ
dative	рꙑꙁю ryzju		рꙑꙁи ryzi	рꙑꙁѥма ryzjema		рꙑꙁꙗма ryzjama	рꙑꙁѥмъ ryzjemŭ		рꙑꙁꙗмъ ryzjamŭ
accusative	рꙑꙁь ryzĭ	рꙑꙁѥ ryzje	рꙑꙁѭ ryzjǫ	рꙑꙁꙗ ryzja	рꙑꙁи ryzi		рꙑꙁѣ ryzě	рꙑꙁꙗ ryzja	рꙑꙁѣ ryzě
instrumental	рꙑꙁѥмь ryzjemĭ		рꙑꙁѥѭ ryzjejǫ	рꙑꙁѥма ryzjema		рꙑꙁꙗма ryzjama	рꙑꙁи ryzi		рꙑꙁꙗми ryzjami
locative	рꙑꙁи ryzi		рꙑꙁи ryzi	рꙑꙁю ryzju			рꙑꙁихъ ryzixŭ		рꙑꙁꙗхъ ryzjaxŭ
vocative	рꙑꙁь ryzĭ	рꙑꙁѥ ryzje	рꙑꙁꙗ ryzja	рꙑꙁꙗ ryzja	рꙑꙁи ryzi		рꙑꙁи ryzi	рꙑꙁꙗ ryzja	рꙑꙁѣ ryzě

Long declension of рꙑꙁь (soft o/a stem)

	singular			dual			plural
	masculine	neuter	feminine	masculine	neuter	feminine	masculine	neuter	feminine
nominative	рꙑꙁьи ryzĭi	рꙑꙁѥѥ ryzjeje	рꙑꙁꙗꙗ ryzjaja	рꙑꙁꙗꙗ ryzjaja	рꙑꙁии ryzii		рꙑꙁии ryzii	рꙑꙁꙗꙗ ryzjaja	рꙑꙁѣѣ ryzějě
genitive	рꙑꙁѥго ryzjego		рꙑꙁѣѣ ryzějě	рꙑꙁюю ryzjuju			рꙑꙁихъ ryzixŭ
dative	рꙑꙁѥмоу ryzjemu		рꙑꙁии ryzii	рꙑꙁима ryzima		рꙑꙁима ryzima	рꙑꙁимъ ryzimŭ		рꙑꙁимъ ryzimŭ
accusative	рꙑꙁьи ryzĭi	рꙑꙁѥѥ ryzjeje	рꙑꙁѭѭ ryzjǫjǫ	рꙑꙁꙗꙗ ryzjaja	рꙑꙁии ryzii		рꙑꙁѣѣ ryzějě	рꙑꙁꙗꙗ ryzjaja	рꙑꙁѣѣ ryzějě
instrumental	рꙑꙁимь ryzimĭ		рꙑꙁѥѭ ryzjejǫ	рꙑꙁима ryzima		рꙑꙁима ryzima	рꙑꙁими ryzimi		рꙑꙁими ryzimi
locative	рꙑꙁѥмь ryzjemĭ		рꙑꙁии ryzii	рꙑꙁюю ryzjuju			рꙑꙁихъ ryzixŭ		рꙑꙁихъ ryzixŭ
vocative	рꙑꙁьи ryzĭi	рꙑꙁѥѥ ryzjeje	рꙑꙁꙗꙗ ryzjaja	рꙑꙁꙗꙗ ryzjaja	рꙑꙁии ryzii		рꙑꙁии ryzii	рꙑꙁꙗꙗ ryzjaja	рꙑꙁѣѣ ryzějě

Related terms

Old Novgorodian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁rewdʰ- (0 c, 1 e)

Further reading

Zaliznyak, Andrey (2004) Древненовгородский диалект [Old Novgorod dialect]‎ (in Russian), 2nd edition, Moscow: Languages of Slavic Cultures, →ISBN, page 793
“рꙑꙁь”, in Берестяные грамоты – Национальный корпус русского языка [Birchbark Letters – Russian National Corpus], https://ruscorpora.ru/, 2003–2025

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