сам

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Belarusian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *samъ.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key):
  • Audio:(file)

Pronoun

сам (samm

  1. (definitive pronoun, emphatic) self, -self

Declension

Bulgarian

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Proto-Slavic *samъ.

Adjective

сам (sam) (adverb са́мо)

  1. alone, by oneself
  2. the very ..., the ... himself/herself/itself
    на сами́я край
    na samíja kraj
    at the very end
    сама́та жена́ дойде́
    samáta žená dojdé
    the woman herself came
Declension
Derived terms

References

  • сам (прил.)”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
  • сам”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
  • Racheva, M., Todorov, T. A., editors (2002), “сам¹”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 6 (пỳскам – словàр²), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 453

Etymology 2

Inherited from Old Church Slavonic сѣмъ (sěmŭ), an oblique case form of сѣмо (sěmo, here, hither), from Proto-Slavic *sěmo. The unexpected vowel in modern Bulgarian is likely by analogy with там (tam, there) and its derived terms.

Adverb

сам (sam) (not comparable) (archaic or dialectal)

  1. with beckoning verbs in the imperative: here, in this place
    Ела́ сам!Elá sam!Come here!
Derived terms

References

Anagrams

Kalmyk

Etymology

From Proto-Mongolic *sam, compare Mongolian сам (sam), Buryat һам (ham), Dongxiang san.

Noun

сам (sam)

  1. comb

Macedonian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *samъ.

Pronunciation

Adjective

сам (sam) (comparative посам, superlative најсам, diminutive самичок, abstract noun самотија)

  1. alone, by oneself

Declension

Declension of сам
positive masculine feminine neuter plural
indefinite сам (sam) сама (sama) само (samo) сами (sami)
definite unspecified самиот (samiot) самата (samata) самото (samoto) самите (samite)
definite proximal самиов (samiov) самава (samava) самово (samovo) самиве (samive)
definite distal самион (samion) самана (samana) самоно (samono) самине (samine)
comparative masculine feminine neuter plural
indefinite посам (posam) посама (posama) посамо (posamo) посами (posami)
definite unspecified посамиот (posamiot) посамата (posamata) посамото (posamoto) посамите (posamite)
definite proximal посамиов (posamiov) посамава (posamava) посамово (posamovo) посамиве (posamive)
definite distal посамион (posamion) посамана (posamana) посамоно (posamono) посамине (posamine)
superlative masculine feminine neuter plural
indefinite најсам (najsam) најсама (najsama) најсамо (najsamo) најсами (najsami)
definite unspecified најсамиот (najsamiot) најсамата (najsamata) најсамото (najsamoto) најсамите (najsamite)
definite proximal најсамиов (najsamiov) најсамава (najsamava) најсамово (najsamovo) најсамиве (najsamive)
definite distal најсамион (najsamion) најсамана (najsamana) најсамоно (najsamono) најсамине (najsamine)

Mongolian

Etymology

From Proto-Mongolic *sam, compare Buryat һам (ham), Kalmyk сам (sam), Dongxiang san.

Pronunciation

Noun

сам (sam) (Mongolian spelling ᠰᠠᠮ (sam), definite plural самнууд); (hidden-n declension)

  1. comb

Derived terms

Northern Mansi

Etymology

From Proto-Uralic *śilmä.[1] Cognates include Northern Khanty сєм (sêm), Hungarian szem, Finnish silmä and Estonian silm.

Noun

сам (sam)

  1. eye
  2. seed

Declension

Sosva:

Inflection of сам (sam)
singular dual plural
nominative сам (sam) самыг (samyg) самыт (samyt)
locative самт (samt) самыгт (samygt) самытт (samytt)
lative самн (samn) самыгн (samygn) самытн (samytn)
ablative самныл (samnyl) самыгныл (samygnyl) самытныл (samytnyl)
instrumental самыл (samyl) самыгныл (samygnyl) самытыл (samytyl)
translative самыг (samyg) ―― ――
caritive самта̄л (samtāl) ―― ――
Possessive forms of сам (sam)
possessor single possession double possession multiple possession
1st person sing. самум (samum) самагум (samagum) саманум (samanum)
2nd person sing. самын (samyn) самагын (samagyn) саман (saman)
3rd person sing. саме (same) самаге (samage) саманэ (samanè)
1st person dual самме̄н (sammēn) самагаме̄н (samagamēn) саманаме̄н (samanamēn)
2nd person dual самы̄н (samȳn) самагы̄н (samagȳn) саманы̄н (samanȳn)
3rd person dual саме̄ (samē) самаге̄н (samagēn) саманэ̄н (samanè̄n)
1st person plural самув (samuv) самагув (samaguv) саманув (samanuv)
2nd person plural самы̄н (samȳn) самагы̄н (samagȳn) саманы̄н (samanȳn)
3rd person plural саманыл (samanyl) самага̄ныл (samagānyl) сама̄ныл (samānyl)

Upper Lozva:

Inflection of сам (sam)
singular dual plural
nominative сам (sam) самый (samyj) самыт (samyt)
locative самт (samt) самыййт (samyjjt) самытт (samytt)
lative самн (samn) самыййн (samyjjn) самытн (samytn)
ablative самныл (samnyl) самыййныл (samyjjnyl) самытныл (samytnyl)
instrumental самыл (samyl) самыййныл (samyjjnyl) самытыл (samytyl)
translative самый (samyj) ―― ――
caritive самта̄л (samtāl) ―― ――
Possessive forms of сам (sam)
possessor single possession double possession multiple possession
1st person sing. самум (samum) самайум (samajum) саманум (samanum)
2nd person sing. самын (samyn) самайын (samajyn) саман (saman)
3rd person sing. саме (same) самайе (samaje) саманэ (samanè)
1st person dual самме̄н (sammēn) самайаме̄н (samajamēn) саманаме̄н (samanamēn)
2nd person dual самы̄н (samȳn) самагы̄н (samagȳn) саманы̄н (samanȳn)
3rd person dual саме̄ (samē) самайе̄н (samajēn) саманэ̄н (samanè̄n)
1st person plural самув (samuv) самайув (samajuv) саманув (samanuv)
2nd person plural самы̄н (samȳn) самайы̄н (samajȳn) саманы̄н (samanȳn)
3rd person plural саманыл (samanyl) самайа̄ныл (samajānyl) сама̄ныл (samānyl)

References

  • Afanasʹjeva, K. V., Sobjanina, S. A. (2012) “сам”, in Školʹnyj mansijsko-russkij slovarʹ [Mansi-Russian school dictionary], Khanty-Mansiysk: RIO IRO
  1. ^ Entry #964 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.

Russian

Alternative forms

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *samъ.

Pronunciation

Pronoun

сам (samm (neuter само́, feminine сама́, plural са́ми)

  1. (definitive pronoun, emphatic) self, -self
    Я сам э́то ви́дел.
    Ja sam éto vídel.
    I saw it myself.
    Само́ госуда́рство так реши́ло.
    Samó gosudárstvo tak rešílo.
    The State itself has so decided.

Declension

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Southern Yukaghir: сам (sam), саам (sām)

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *samъ.

Adjective

са̑м (Latin spelling sȃm, definite са̑мӣ)

  1. alone, sole
  2. the very
  3. unaided, single-handed
  4. absolute, mere, unmixed
  5. solitary, secluded
Declension

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *(j)esmь, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *esmi, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁es-.

Verb

са̏м (Latin spelling sȁm)

  1. first-person singular present enclitic of би̏ти
    Ту сам.I'm here.

Southern Yukaghir

Alternative forms

Etymology

Borrowed from Russian сам (sam).

Pronunciation

Pronoun

сам (sam)

  1. self, -self
    • 2007, M. I. Turpanova, Раньше, когда мы были маленькие [Before, when we were little]:
      Титтэ сам иҥдьэҥитэй, - мони.
      Titte sam iŋdʹeŋitej, - moni.
      They will sew it themselves, - he said.

References

  • Elena Maslova (2003) A Grammar of Kolyma Yukaghir, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 26

Ukrainian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *samъ.

Pronunciation

Pronoun

сам (samm

  1. (definitive pronoun, emphatic) self, -self

Declension

Further reading