сап-сафед

Tajik

Alternative forms

сап-сапед (sap-saped)

Etymology

Reduplication of сафед (safed, “white”), according to a pattern borrowed from Uzbek.^[1]^[2] Compare the derivation of oppoq (“snow-white”) from oq (“white”) in Uzbek.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sapsafed/,

Adjective

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сап-сафед • (sap-safed) (Persian spelling سپ‌سفید)

intensive form of сафед (safed, “white”), snow-white

References

^ Gernot Windfuhr, John R. Perry (2009) “Persian and Tajik” (chapter 8), in The Iranian Languages‎ (in English), page 434:
In Tajik, similar to Turkic, some qualitative adjectives (esp. of color) form an intensive by addition of a stressed pre-echoic syllable, i.e. a duplicate of the adjective's first syllable plus a labial, voiced or unvoiced as appropriate: Taj. sap-safed 'snow-white', sip-siyoh 'jet black', top-torik 'dark as dark (could be)'.
^ Kamil Stachowski (2014) “Standard Turkic C-Type Reduplications” (chapter 14), in Studia Turcologica Cracoviensia (in English), Krakow: Jagiellonian University Press, page 19:
At least five languages and dialects neighbouring with the Turkic imitated the C-type reduplication: Eastern Armenian, Tajik, Tat, and dialectal Georgian and Udi. (...) Tajik has borrowed reduplication[, including] the C- and other types. It is used in the spoken language with some qualitative adjectives, especially colour names, as a means of intensification. The closing consonant is always p in the C-type, and, apparently, pa in the CV-type. Unlike in the Turkic languages, the accent remains final, and the initial syllable only receives a secondary stress. Examples [include]: оппа-осон 'easy as pie / as winking', топ-торик 'dark as dark (could be)', дуппа-дуруст 'absolutely right, spot on', заб-зард 'bright yellow', сап-сафед 'snow-white', сип-сиёҳ 'jet-black', кап-кабуд 'sky-blue', каппа-калон 'humongous', наппа-нав 'brand-new'.

[1] Gernot Windfuhr, John R. Perry (2009) “Persian and Tajik” (chapter 8), in The Iranian Languages‎ (in English), page 434:
In Tajik, similar to Turkic, some qualitative adjectives (esp. of color) form an intensive by addition of a stressed pre-echoic syllable, i.e. a duplicate of the adjective's first syllable plus a labial, voiced or unvoiced as appropriate: Taj. sap-safed 'snow-white', sip-siyoh 'jet black', top-torik 'dark as dark (could be)'.

[2] Kamil Stachowski (2014) “Standard Turkic C-Type Reduplications” (chapter 14), in Studia Turcologica Cracoviensia (in English), Krakow: Jagiellonian University Press, page 19:
At least five languages and dialects neighbouring with the Turkic imitated the C-type reduplication: Eastern Armenian, Tajik, Tat, and dialectal Georgian and Udi. (...) Tajik has borrowed reduplication[, including] the C- and other types. It is used in the spoken language with some qualitative adjectives, especially colour names, as a means of intensification. The closing consonant is always p in the C-type, and, apparently, pa in the CV-type. Unlike in the Turkic languages, the accent remains final, and the initial syllable only receives a secondary stress. Examples [include]: оппа-осон 'easy as pie / as winking', топ-торик 'dark as dark (could be)', дуппа-дуруст 'absolutely right, spot on', заб-зард 'bright yellow', сап-сафед 'snow-white', сип-сиёҳ 'jet-black', кап-кабуд 'sky-blue', каппа-калон 'humongous', наппа-нав 'brand-new'.

[1]

[2]