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Old Church Slavonic
Pronunciation
IPA (key ) : /ˈsɯnʊ/
Syllabification: сꙑ‧нъ
Etymology 1
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *synъ ( “ son ” ) , from Proto-Balto-Slavic *sū́ˀnus , from Proto-Indo-European *suHnús .
Sense 1.1 , sense 1.2 , sense 1.3 , sense 1 , sense 2 , sense 3 are semantic loan from Ancient Greek υἱός ( huiós ) .
Noun
сꙑнъ • (synŭ ) m
son
Synonym: чѧдо ( čędo )
11th century , Codex Marianus (in Glagolitic), Gospel of Matthew 20:20 :Ⱅⱏⰳⰴⰰ ⱂⱃⰻⱄⱅⱘⱂⰻ ⰽⱏ ⱀⰵⰿⱆ ⰿⰰⱅⰻ ⱄⱀ҃ⱁⰲⱆ ⰸⰵⰲⰵⰴⰵⱁⰲⱆ · ⱄⱏ ⱄⱀ҃ⱐⰿⰰ ⱄⰲⱁⰻⰿⰰ ⰽⰾⰰⱀⱑⱙⱎ̑ⱅⰻ ⱄⱔ · ⰺ ⱂⱃⱁⱄⱔⱎⱅⰻ ⱀⱑⱍⰵⱄⱁ ⱁⱅⱏ ⱀⰵⰳⱁ · [Тъгда пристѫпи къ немоу мати сн҃овоу зеведеовоу · съ сн҃ьма своима кланѣѭш̑ти сѧ · ꙇ просѧшти нѣчесо отъ него ·] Tŭgda pristǫpi kŭ nemu mati sn:ovu zevedeovu · sŭ sn:ĭma svoima klanějǫš̑ti sę · i prosęšti něčeso otŭ nego · Then the mother of Zebedee’s sons came to Jesus with her sons and, kneeling down, asked a favor of him.
( figurative ) about adopted and spiritual sons
11th century , Codex Marianus (in Glagolitic), Gospel of John 19:26 :ⰺⱄ҃ ⰶⰵ ⰲⰻⰴⱑⰲⱏ ⰿⰰⱅⰵⱃⱐ · ⰺ ⱆⱍⰵⱀⰻⰽⰰ ⱄⱅⱁⱗⱎⱅⰰ ⰵⰳⱁⰶⰵ ⰾⱓⰱⰾⱑⰰⱎⰵ · ⰳⰾ҃ⰰ ⰿⰰⱅⰵⱃⰻ ⱄⰲⱁⰵⰻ · ⰶⰵⱀⱁ ⱄⰵ ⱄⱀ҃ⱏ ⱅⰲⱁⰻ · [ꙇс҃ же видѣвъ матерь · ꙇ оученика стоѩшта егоже люблѣаше · гл҃а матери своеи · жено се сн҃ъ твои ·] is: že viděvŭ materĭ · i učenika stojęšta egože ljublěaše · gl:a materi svojei · ženo se sn:ŭ tvoi · When Jesus saw his mother there, and the disciple whom he loved standing nearby, he said to her, “Woman, here is your son ,”
( religion , figurative ) about the angels
11th century , Psalterium Sinaiticum (in Glagolitic), Book of Psalms 88:7 :(please add the Glagolitic text of this quotation) [къто [ …] подобітъ сѩ г‹оспод›ю въ сн҃хъ бж҃іхъ] kŭto [ …] podobitŭ sję g‹ospod›ju vŭ sn:xŭ bž:ixŭ Who is like the Lord among the heavenly beings
( Christianity , figurative ) about the chosen ones of God
11th century , Codex Marianus (in Glagolitic), Gospel of Luke 6:35 :ⱁⰱⰰⱍⰵ ⰾⱓⰱⰻⱅⰵ ⰲⱃⰰⰳⱏⰹ ⰲⰰⱎⱔ ⰻ ⰱⰾⰰⰳⱁⱅⰲⱁⱃⰻⱅⰵ · ⰺ ⰲⱏ ⰸⰰⰻⰿⱏ ⰴⰰⰻⱅⰵ ⱀⰻⱍⰵⱄⱁⰶⰵⱀⰵ ⱍⰰⱙⱎⱅⰵ · ⰻ ⰱⱘⰴⰵⱅⱏ ⰿⱏⰸⰴⰰ ⰲⰰⱎⰰ ⰿⱏⱀⱁⰳⰰ · ⰺ ⰱⱘⰴⰵⱅⰵ ⱄⱀ҃ⱁⰲⰵ ⰲⱏⰹⱎⱏⱀⱑⰵⰳⱁ ·ⱑⰽⱁ ⱅⱏ ⰱⰾⰰⰳⱏ ⰵⱄⱅⱏ ⱀⰰ ⱀⰵⰲⱏⰸⰱⰾⰰⰳⱁⰴⰰⱅⱏⱀⱏⰹⱗ ⰻ ⰸⱏⰾⱏⰹⱗ · [обаче любите врагы вашѧ и благотворите · ꙇ въ заимъ даите ничесожене чаѭще · и бѫдетъ мъзда ваша мънога · ꙇ бѫдете сн҃ове вышънѣего ·ѣко тъ благъ естъ на невъзблагодатъныѩ и зълыѩ ·] obače ljubite vragy vašę i blagotvorite · i vŭ zaimŭ daite ničesožene čajǫšte · i bǫdetŭ mŭzda vaša mŭnoga · i bǫdete sn:ove vyšŭnějego ·jěko tŭ blagŭ estŭ na nevŭzblagodatŭnyję i zŭlyję · But love your enemies, do good to them, and lend to them without expecting to get anything back. Then your reward will be great, and you will be children of the Most High, because he is kind to the ungrateful and wicked.
descendant , offspring
Synonyms: сѣмѧ ( sěmę ) , ищѧдиѥ ( ištędije ) , племѧ ( plemę ) , чѧдо ( čędo )
11th century , Codex Marianus (in Glagolitic), Gospel of Matthew 23:31 :ⱅⱑⰿⱏ ⰶⰵ ⱄⰰⰿⰻ ⱄⱏⰲⱑⰴⱑⱅⰵⰾⱐⱄⱅⰲⱆⰵⱅⰵ ⱄⰵⰱⱑ ·ⱑⰽⱁ ⱄⱀ҃ⱁⰲⰵ ⰵⱄⱅⰵ ⰻⰸⰱⰻⰲⱏⱎⰻⱈⱏ ⱂⱃ҃ⰽⱏⰹ · [тѣмъ же сами съвѣдѣтельствоуете себѣ ·ѣко сн҃ове есте избивъшихъ пр҃кы ·] těmŭ že sami sŭvědětelĭstvujete sebě ·jěko sn:ove este izbivŭšixŭ pr:ky · So you testify against yourselves that you are the descendants of those who murdered the prophets.
сꙑнъ давꙑдовъ ― synŭ davydovŭ ― Son of David
сꙑнъ чловѣчь ― synŭ člověčĭ ― Son of Man
сꙑнъ чловѣчьскъ ― synŭ člověčĭskŭ ― Son of Man
baby animal
11th century , Retko, Codex Suprasliensis (in Old Cyrillic), page 324 , line 23 :аште да ѥсте сꙑнове сиѡни· ликоуите съ чꙙдꙑ своими· ašte da jeste synove sioni· likuite sŭ čędy svoimi· Therefore, if you are children of Zion, rejoice with your children
11th century , Psalterium Sinaiticum (in Glagolitic), Book of Psalms 28:6 :(please add the Glagolitic text of this quotation) [вьзлюбленъ ѣко сн҃ъ норожъ] vĭzljublenŭ jěko sn:ŭ norožŭ as the beloved son of unicorns
11th century , Codex Marianus (in Glagolitic), Gospel of Matthew 21:5 :ⱃⱏⱌⱑⱅⰵ ⰴⱏⱎⱅⰵⱃⰻ ⱄⰻⱁⱀⱁⰲⱑ · ⱄⰵ ⱌⱄ҃ⱃⱏ ⱅⰲⱁⰻ ⰳⱃⱔⰴⰵⱅⱏ ⱅⰵⰱⱑ ·ⰽⱃⱁⱅⱁⰽⱏ ⰻ ⰲⱐⱄⱑⰴⱏ ⱀⰰ ⱁⱄⱐⰾⱔ · ⰺ ⰶⱃⱑⰱⱔ ⱄⱀ҃ⰰ ⱑⱃⱐⰿⱐⱀⰻⱍⰰ · [ръцѣте дъщери сионовѣ · се цс҃ръ твои грѧдетъ тебѣ ·кротокъ и вьсѣдъ на осьлѧ · ꙇ жрѣбѧ сн҃а ѣрьмьнича ·] rŭcěte dŭšteri sionově · se cs:rŭ tvoi grędetŭ tebě ·krotokŭ i vĭsědŭ na osĭlę · i žrěbę sn:a jěrĭmĭniča · “Say to Daughter Zion, ‘See, your king comes to you, gentle and riding on a donkey, and on a colt, the foal of a donkey.’”
Proper noun
сꙑнъ • (synŭ ) m
( Christianity theology ) Son ( title of Jesus )
Coordinate terms: отьць ( otĭcĭ ) , доухъ свѧтъ ( duxŭ svętŭ ) , троица ( troica )
сꙑнъ божии ― synŭ božii ― Son of God
сꙑнъ вꙑшьнꙗѥго ― synŭ vyšĭnjajego ― Son of the Most High
сꙑнъ благословлѥнаѥго ― synŭ blagoslovljenajego ― Son of the Blessed
11th century , Codex Marianus (in Glagolitic), Gospel of Matthew 28:19 :Ⱎⱐⰴⱏⱎⰵ ⱆⰱⱁ ⱀⰰⱆⱍⰻⱅⰵ ⰲⱐⱄⱔ ⱗⰸ҃ⰽⱏⰹ · ⰽⱃⱐⱄⱅⱔⱎⱅⰵ ⱗ ⰲⱏ ⰹⰿⱔ ⱁⱅ҃ⱌⰰⰻ ⱄⱀ҃ⰰ ⰻ ⱄ҃ⱅⰰⰰⰳⱁ ⰴⱈ҃ⰰ · [Шьдъше оубо наоучите вьсѧ ѩз҃кы · крьстѧште ѩ въ імѧ от҃цаи сн҃а и с҃тааго дх҃а ·] Šĭdŭše ubo naučite vĭsę jęz:ky · krĭstęšte ję vŭ imę ot:cai sn:a i s:taago dx:a · Therefore go and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit...
Declension
Declension of сꙑнъ (u-stem)
Declension of сꙑнъ (o-stem)
Derived terms
( nouns ):
Descendants
Bulgarian: син ( sin )
→ ? Romanian: sin
See also
Old Church Slavic family terms
отьчьство ( otĭčĭstvo , “ family ” )
Male
Female
parent родител҄ь ( roditelʹĭ )
отьць ( otĭcĭ ) , авва ( avva , “ father ” )
мати ( mati , “ mother ” )
sibling
братръ ( bratrŭ , “ brother ” )
сестра ( sestra , “ sister ” )
child
сꙑнъ ( synŭ , “ son ” )
дъщи ( dŭšti , “ daughter ” )
grandparent
дѣдъ ( dědŭ , “ grandfather ” )
баба ( baba , “ grandmother ” )
grandchild
въноукъ ( vŭnukŭ , “ grandson ” )
– (“granddaughter”)
great-grandparent
прѣдѣдъ ( prědědŭ , “ great-grandfather ” )
– (“great-grandmother”)
mother's sibling
оуи ( ui , “ maternal uncle ” )
– (“maternal aunt”)
father's sibling
стрꙑи ( stryi , “ paternal uncle ” )
– (“paternal aunt”)
sibling's child
братанъ ( bratanŭ ) , сꙑновь ( synovĭ ) , сꙑновьць ( synovĭcĭ , “ nephew ” )
братана ( bratana , “ niece ” )
cousin
братоучѧдъ ( bratučędŭ , “ male cousin ” )
братоучѧда ( bratučęda , “ female cousin ” )
spouse
мѫжь ( mǫžĭ ) , чрьтожьникъ ( črĭtožĭnikŭ ) , малъженъ ( malŭženŭ , “ husband ” )
жена ( žena ) , чрьтожьница ( črĭtožĭnica ) , съложь ( sŭložĭ , “ wife ” )
parent of wife
тьсть ( tĭstĭ , “ father-in-law (wife's father) ” )
тьща ( tĭšta , “ mother-in-law (wife's mother) ” )
parent of husband
свекръ ( svekrŭ , “ father-in-law (husband's father) ” )
свекрꙑ ( svekry , “ mother-in-law (husband's father) ” )
sibling of husband
дєвєръ ( deverŭ , “ brother-in-law (husband's brother) ” )
зълꙑ ( zŭly , “ sister-in-law (husband's sister) ” )
spouse of child
зѧть ( zętĭ , “ son-in-law (daughter's husband) ” )
снъха ( snŭxa , “ daughter-in-law (son's wife) ” )
spouse of husband's brother
–
етрꙑ ( etry ) , кѫпетра ( kǫpetra , “ sister-in-law (husband's brother's wife) ” )
stepchild
пасторъкъ ( pastorŭkŭ , “ stepson ” )
– (“stepdaughter”)
step-parent
отьчимъ ( otĭčimŭ , “ stepfather ” )
мащеха ( maštexa , “ stepmother ” )
Etymology 2
Uncertain. Probably borrowed from Bulgar , compare Tatar sın ( “ figure, body; pose; image; statue; idol ” ) , Uzbek sin ( “ posture, poise ” ) , Turkish sin ( “ grave ” ) , ultimately from Proto-Turkic *sï(y)n .
It was also compared to Ancient Greek μόσσυν ( móssun ) of unknown etymology.
Noun
сꙑнъ • (synŭ ) m
( architecture ) tower
Synonyms: стлъпъ ( stlŭpŭ ) , трѣмъ ( trěmŭ )
11th century , Retko, Codex Suprasliensis (in Old Cyrillic), page 553 , line 27 :иде въ малꙑи сꙑнъ · иже бѣ тъгда въ манастꙑри · на прибѣганьѥ съзъданъ ide vŭ malyi synŭ · iže bě tŭgda vŭ manastyri · na priběganĭje sŭzŭdanŭ (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Declension
Declension of сꙑнъ (u-stem)
Declension of сꙑнъ (o-stem)
Derived terms
( adjectives ):
References
“сꙑнъ1 ”, in GORAZD (overall work in Czech, English, and Russian), http://gorazd.org , 2016—2025
“сꙑнъ2 ”, in GORAZD (overall work in Czech, English, and Russian), http://gorazd.org , 2016—2025
Janyšková, Ilona, editor (2010 ), “synъ1 ”, in Etymologický slovník jazyka staroslověnského [Etymological Dictionary of the Old Church Slavonic Language ] (in Czech), numbers 15 (srъdьce – sь ), Brno: Tribun EU, →ISBN , page 915
Janyšková, Ilona, editor (2010 ), “synъ2 ”, in Etymologický slovník jazyka staroslověnského [Etymological Dictionary of the Old Church Slavonic Language ] (in Czech), numbers 15 (srъdьce – sь ), Brno: Tribun EU, →ISBN , page 916
Václav Machek (1948 ) “Graeco-slavica”, in Listy filologické , volume 72 , pages 75–76
Old East Slavic
Etymology 1
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *synъ , from Proto-Balto-Slavic *sū́ˀnus , from Proto-Indo-European *suHnús .
Pronunciation
IPA (key ) : /ˈsɯnʊ/ →/ˈsɯnʊ/ →/ˈsɯn/
( ca. 9th CE ) IPA (key ) : /ˈsɯnʊ/
( ca. 11th CE ) IPA (key ) : /ˈsɯnʊ/
( ca. 13th CE ) IPA (key ) : /ˈsɯn/
Noun
сꙑнъ (synŭ ) m (diminutive сꙑнъкъ )
son
male descendant
Declension
Declension of сꙑнъ (u-stem)
Derived terms
( nouns ):
( adverbs ):
Descendants
Old Ruthenian: сынъ ( syn )
Belarusian: сын ( syn )
Carpathian Rusyn: сын ( sŷn )
Ukrainian: син ( syn )
Russian: сын ( syn )
Etymology 2
Learned borrowing from Old Church Slavonic сꙑнъ ( synŭ , “ tower ” ) or borrowing from the same source.
Pronunciation
IPA (key ) : /ˈsɯnʊ/ →/ˈsɯnʊ/ →/ˈsɯn/
( ca. 9th CE ) IPA (key ) : /ˈsɯnʊ/
( ca. 11th CE ) IPA (key ) : /ˈsɯnʊ/
( ca. 13th CE ) IPA (key ) : /ˈsɯn/
Noun
сꙑнъ (synŭ ) m
tower
Declension
Declension of сꙑнъ (u-stem)
References
Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1912 ) “сꙑнъ ”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments ] (in Russian), volume 3 (Р – Ꙗ и дополненія) , Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 872
Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1912 ) “сꙑнъ ”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments ] (in Russian), volume 3 (Р – Ꙗ и дополненія) , Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 874
Old Novgorodian
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *synъ , from Proto-Balto-Slavic *sū́ˀnus , from Proto-Indo-European *suHnús .
Noun
сꙑнъ • (synŭ ) m
son
c. 1360‒1380 , Берестяная грамота № 366 [Birchbark letter no. 366 ] , Novgorod:а на то рѧдьцѣ и послусѣ давꙑдъ лукѣнъ сꙑнъ сьтьпанъ таишѣнъ a na to rędĭćě i poslusě davydŭ lukěnŭ synŭ sĭtĭpanŭ taišěnŭ And for that, the witnesses are David, Lukin's son , and Stepan Taishin.
( Christianity theology ) God the Son
c. 1380‒1400 , Берестяная грамота № 42 [Birchbark letter no. 42 ] , Novgorod:въ имѧ · ѻц҃а · и сꙑна и свѧ[т]-[го д](х҃)а vŭ imę · oć:a · i syna i svę-[go d](x:)a In the name of the Father, and of the Son , and of the Holy Spirit.
Declension
Declension of сꙑнъ (u-stem)
singular
dual
plural
nominative
сꙑнъ synŭ
genitive
сꙑна syna
сꙑноу synu
dative
accusative
сꙑна syna
сꙑноу synu
instrumental
locative
vocative
Declension of сꙑнъ (o-stem)
singular
dual
plural
nominative
сꙑнъ synŭ
genitive
dative
accusative
instrumental
сꙑнъмъ synŭmŭ
locative
vocative
See also
Old Novgorodian family terms
роде ( rode , “ family ” )
male
female
parent
отьць ( otĭćĭ ) , батько ( batĭko , “ father ” )
мати ( mati , “ mother ” )
sibling
брате ( brate , “ brother ” )
сестра ( sestra , “ sister ” )
child
сꙑнъ ( synŭ , “ son ” )
дъци ( dŭći , “ daughter ” )
grandparent
дѣде ( děde , “ grandfather ” )
баба ( baba , “ grandmother ” )
grandchild
въноуке ( vŭnuke , “ grandson ” )
? (“granddaughter”)
stepparent
*отьцимъ ( *otĭćimŭ , “ stepfather ” )
*мацеха ( *maćexa , “ stepmother ” )
parents' sibling
дꙗдꙗ ( djadja , “ parents' uncle ” ) стръи ( strŷi , “ paternal uncle ” ) , *оуи ( *ui , “ maternal uncle ” )
тетька ( tetĭka , “ parents' aunt ” )
spouse
мѫжь ( mǫžĭ , “ husband ” )
жона ( žona , “ wife ” )
parent of wife
тьсть ( tĭstĭ , “ father-in-law (wife's father) ” )
? (“mother-in-law (wife's mother)”)
parent of husband
свекре ( svekre , “ father-in-law (husband's father) ” )
? (“mother-in-law (husband's father)”)
spouse of child
ꙁѧть ( zętĭ , “ son-in-law (daughter's husband) ” )
снъха ( snŭxa , “ daughter-in-law (son's wife) ” )