с-

Abkhaz

Alternative forms

• сы- (sə-)
• з- (z-)

Prefix

с- • (s-)

1. (possessive prefix) my, mine

   Саб аԥсуа бызшәа бзиаӡаны идыруеит. ― Sab apswa bəzŝʷa bzjadzanə idərwejtʼ. ― My father knows the Abkhaz language very good.

2. (1st person singular pronoun) I, me

   Есымша Гәдоуҭаҟа сцон. ― Esəmŝa Gʷdowtaqʼa scon. ― I went everyday to Gudauta.

   Cубеит, cҟəардə уқәтәаны. ― Cubejtʼ, cqʼəardə ukʷtʷʼanə. ― You saw me, while you were sitting on my chair.

See also

Russian

Alternative forms

• со- (so-) — before certain consonant clusters; also a separate prefix meaning "co-"

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sъ(n)-, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱom. See Proto-Slavic *sъ(n) for more information. The /n/ persists in снять (snjatʹ) (originally a prefixed derivative of ять (jatʹ, “to take”)), from which other words in -нять (-njatʹ) were produced by rebracketing. See also с (s), Old East Slavic съ (sŭ), and compare the analogous loss of -n- in в- (v-).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (before vowels and all consonants except those noted below)
• IPA^(key): (before voiced obstruents except for в and ж)
• IPA^(key): (before ж, where it forms a long consonant /ʐː/, as in сжечь (sžečʹ))
• IPA^(key): (before ш, where it forms a long consonant /ʂː/, as in сшить (sšitʹ))
• IPA^(key): (before ч, where it forms a long consonant /ɕː/, as in счита́ть (sčitátʹ))

Prefix

с- • (s-)

1. (with verbs) (describing an action moving from a single position or many positions into another single position)

   ‎с- (s-) + ‎лить impf (litʹ, “to pour”) → ‎слить pf (slitʹ, “to pour into one place”)

2. (with verbs) down (describing a downward action)

   ‎с- (s-) + ‎ходи́ть (xodítʹ, “to go”) → ‎сходи́ть (sxodítʹ, “to go down”)

3. (with verbs) off, from off (describing an action of removing oneself to another location)
4. added to nouns, forms adverbs with the approximate meaning "from the location of [the noun]"

   ‎с- (s-) + ‎верх (verx, “the top”) → ‎све́рху (svérxu, “from above”)

Derived terms

Related terms

• с (s), со- (so-, “con-, co-”)

Serbo-Croatian

Alternative forms

• са- (before affricates, fricatives and certain consonant clusters)

Prefix

с- (Latin spelling s-)

1. Prepended to verbs, usually forming a perfective from an imperfective verb.

   ‎с- + ‎пу̀стити → ‎спу̀стити

   ‎с- + ‎зна̏ти → ‎са̀знати

   ‎с- + ‎ло̀мити → ‎сло̀мити

   ‎с- + ‎гле̏дати → ‎са̀гледати

   ‎с- + ‎ку̏пити → ‎ску̏пити

   ‎с- + ‎кло̀нити → ‎скло̀нити

   ‎с- + ‎на́ћи → ‎сна̑ћи

Derived terms

References

• “с-” in Hrvatski jezični portal

Ukrainian

Alternative forms

• з- (z-)

Etymology

Derives from multiple Proto-Slavic prefixes: *jьz-, *sъ(n)- and *vъz-.

Prefix

с- • (s-)

1. Alternative form of з- (z-) used before: к, ф, п, т, х:
   1. attached to imperfective verbs to form the perfective aspect

      ‎с- (s-) + ‎пита́ти impf (pytáty, “to ask, to inquire”) → ‎спита́ти pf (spytáty)

      ‎с- (s-) + ‎фальсифікува́ти impf (falʹsyfikuváty, “to forge, to feign”) → ‎сфальсифікува́ти pf (sfalʹsyfikuváty)

      ‎с- (s-) + ‎хапа́ти impf (xapáty, “to grab, to catch”) → ‎схопи́ти pf (sxopýty)

      ‎с- (s-) + ‎твори́ти impf (tvorýty, “to make, to create”) → ‎створи́ти pf (stvorýty)

      ‎с- (s-) + ‎каза́ти impf (kazáty, “to say, to tell”) → ‎сказа́ти pf (skazáty)

   2. forms verbs suggesting bringing together or out, literally or abstractly

      ‎с- (s-) + ‎тягти́ impf (tjahtý, “to pull”) → ‎стягти́ pf (stjahtý, “to pull together, to gather in a place”)

      ‎с- (s-) + ‎трима́ти impf (trymáty, “to hold”) → ‎стри́мати pf (strýmaty, “to hold in one place, to fend off”)

Derived terms