те

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See also: тэ, -те, т. е., т.е., and Appendix:Variations of "te"

Bulgarian

Etymology

From earlier тѣ. Formed under the influence of тѣхъ (těxŭ), тѣмъ (těmŭ), тѣми (těmi).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key):
  • Audio:(file)

Pronoun

те • (te) (personal)

  1. They; the third-person plural pronoun in the nominative case, used as the subject of a verb.
    Те току-що пристигнаха.
    Te toku-što pristignaha.
    They have just arrived.
    Те са по-ниски от мен.
    Te sa po-niski ot men.
    They are shorter than me.
  2. short form of the second-person singular pronoun in the accusative case, used as the direct object of a verb; you
    Обичам те.
    Običam te.
    I love you.
    Може ли да те попитам нещо?
    Može li da te popitam nešto?
    Can I ask you something?
Bulgarian personal pronouns
Number Person Gender Nominative
(subject) 		Accusative
(direct complement) 		Dative
(indirect complement) 		Prepositional
Full Short Full Short
Singular First — аз (az) мен (men)
ме́не (méne) 		ме (me) ме́не (méne) ми (mi) мен (men)
ме́не (méne)
Second Informal ти (ti) теб (teb)
те́бе (tébe) 		те (te) те́бе (tébe) ти (ti) теб (teb)
те́бе (tébe)
Formal Ви́е (Víe) Вас (Vas) Ви (Vi) Вам (Vam) Ви (Vi) Вас (Vas)
Third Masculine той (toj) не́го (négo) го (go) не́му (nému) му (mu) не́го (négo)
Feminine тя (tja) не́я (néja) я (ja) ней (nej) ѝ (ì) не́я (néja)
Neuter то (to) не́го (négo) го (go) не́му (nému) му (mu) не́го (négo)
Plural First — ни́е (níe)
ний (nij) 		нас (nas) ни (ni) нам (nam) ни (ni) нас (nas)
Second Informal ви́е (víe)
вий (vij) 		вас (vas) ви (vi) вам (vam) ви (vi) вас (vas)
Formal Ви́е (Víe) Вас (Vas) Ви (Vi) Вам (Vam) Ви (Vi) Вас (Vas)
Third — те (te) тях (tjah) ги (gi) тям (tjam) им (im) тях (tjah)

Eastern Mari

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /te/
  • Rhymes: -e
  • Hyphenation: те

Pronoun

те • (te)

  1. (personal) you (plural and/or formal)
    те марла кутыреда?
    te marla kutyreda?
    do you speak Mari?

Declension

Personal pronouns
nominative accusative genitive dative
1st sg мый (myj) мыйым (myjym) мыйын (myjyn) мыланем (mylańem) ~ мылам (mylam)
2nd sg тый (tyj) тыйым (tyjym) тыйын (tyjyn) тыланет (tylańet) ~ мылат (mylat)
3rd sg тудо (tudo) тудым (tudym) тудын (tudyn) тудлан (tudlan)
1st pl ме (me) мемнам (memnam) мемнан (memnan) мыланна (mylanna)
2nd pl те (te) тендам (tendam) тендан (tendan) тыланда (tylanda)
3rd pl нуно (nuno) нуным (nunym) нунын (nunyn) нунылан (nunylan)
*) There are two forms for personal pronouns in the first and second persons singular in the dative: мыланем (mylańem) ~ мылам (mylam) and тыланет (tylańet) ~ тылат (tylat). There is no overt difference in usage between the two forms. The nominative forms мый (myj) and mый (myj) also have long forms, мые and тые (tyje); these are typically encountered in poetic speech.

Derived terms

pronouns

References

  • J. Bradley et al. (2023) “те”, in The Mari Web Project: Mari-English Dictionary, University of Vienna

Erzya

Etymology

From Proto-Mordvinic *ťä, from Proto-Uralic *tä (“this”). Cognate with Moksha тя (ťa), Finnish tämä, Estonian tema, Skolt Sami tät, Udmurt та (ta), Hungarian teg- in tegnap, Tundra Nenets тей (ťej).

Pronunciation

This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

Pronoun

те • (ťe)

  1. this
    Мон важодян те столенть экшсэ.
    Mon važoďan ťe stoľeńť ekšse.
    I work at this desk.
    • 1865, Ferdinand Johann Wiedemann, Das Evangelium des Matthäus ersamordwinisch, page 29:
      I tuź kuľa tede vese te mastorga.
      News of this spread through all that region.
      (literally, “ through all this region.”)

Declension

Declension of те (ťe)
singular plural
nominative те (ťe) неть (ńeť), не (ńe), нетне (ńeťńe)
genitive тень (ťeń) нетнень (ńeťńeń), нень (ńeń)
dative тенень (ťeńeń) нетненень (ńeťńeńeń), ненень (ńeńeń)
ablative теде (ťeďe) нетнеде (ńeťńeďe), ненде (ńeńďe)
inessive теньсэ (ťeńse), тень эйсэ (ťeń ejse) нетнесэ (ńeťńese), неньсэ (ńeńse)
elative теньстэ (ťeńste), тень эйстэ (ťeń ejste) нетнестэ (ńeťńeste), неньстэ (ńeńste)
illative теньс (ťeńs), тень эйс (ťeń ejs) нетнес (ńeťńes), неньс (ńeńs)
prolative теньга (ťeńga), тень эзга (ťeń ezga) нетнева (ńeťńeva), неньга (ńeńga)
translative текс (ťeks) нетнекс (ńeťńeks), ненькс (ńeńks)
abessive тентеме (ťeńťeme) нетневтеме (ńeťńevťeme), нентеме (ńeńťeme)
comparative теньшка (ťeńška) нетнешка (ńeťńeška), неньшка (ńeńška)

References

  • B. A. Serebrennikov, R. N. Buzakova, M. V. Mosin (1993) “те”, in Эрзянь-рузонь валкс [Erzya-Russian dictionary], Moscow: Русский язык, →ISBN
  • Entry #1034 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
  • Keresztes, László (1986) Geschichte der mordwinischen Konsonantismus II. Etymologisches Belegmaterial‎, Szeged: Studia Uralo-Altaica 26.

Macedonian

Pronunciation

Conjunction

те • (te)

  1. at times... at other times...
  2. now... now... (indicates two alternating situations)

Pronoun

те • (te)

  1. Short direct object form of ти (ti).

Old Novgorodian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *tъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *tas m, *tāˀ f, *ta n, from Proto-Indo-European *só m, *séh₂ f, *tód n. First attested in c. 1025‒1050. Cognate with Old East Slavic тъ (tŭ), Old Ruthenian той (toj), Old Church Slavonic тъ (tŭ), Old Polish ten.

Pronunciation

  • Hyphenation: те

Pronoun

те • (te)[1]

  1. this, that

Declension

Declension of те (hard pronominal)
singular dual plural
masculine neuter feminine masculine neuter feminine masculine neuter feminine
nominative те
te 		то
to 		та
ta 		та
ta 		тѣ
tě 		тѣ
tě 		та
ta 		тꙑ
ty
genitive того
togo 		тоѣ
tojě 		тѣю
těju 		тѣхъ
těxŭ
dative томоу
tomu 		тои
toi 		тѣма
těma 		тѣмъ
těmŭ
accusative тъ
tŭ 		то
to 		тѫ
tǫ 		та
ta 		тѣ
tě 		тꙑ
ty 		та
ta 		тꙑ
ty
instrumental тѣмь
těmĭ 		тоѭ
tojǫ 		тѣма
těma 		тѣми
těmi
locative томь
tomĭ 		тои
toi 		тѣю
těju 		тѣхъ
těxŭ

References

  1. ^ Zaliznyak, Andrey (2004) Древненовгородский диалект [Old Novgorod dialect]‎ (in Russian), 2nd edition, Moscow: Languages of Slavic Cultures, →ISBN, page 809

Further reading

  • “те”, in Берестяные грамоты – Национальный корпус русского языка [Birchbark Letters – Russian National Corpus], https://ruscorpora.ru/, 2003–2024

Russian

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Determiner

те • (te) pl (demonstrative)

  1. inflection of тот (tot):
    1. nominative plural
    2. inanimate accusative plural

Pronoun

те • (te) pl (demonstrative)

  1. inflection of тот (tot):
    1. nominative plural
    2. inanimate accusative plural

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Pronoun

те • (te)

  1. (colloquial) Contraction of тебе́ (tebé).
    • 1985, Nautilus Pompilius [Nautilus Pompilius] (lyrics and music), “Алчи, Алчи”, in Невидимка:
      Ма́ма, ма́стер дя́дя Ко́ля
      Ждёт давно́ меня́ внизу́.
      Вот те но́жик, вот те спи́чки.
      Я на рабо́ту выхожу́.
      Máma, máster djádja Kólja
      Ždjot davnó menjá vnizú.
      Vot te nóžik, vot te spíčki.
      Ja na rabótu vyxožú.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology 1

Pronoun

те (Latin spelling te)

  1. of you (clitic genitive singular of ти̑ (“you”))
  2. you (clitic accusative singular of ти̑ (“you”))
Declension
Declension of те
singular plural
nominative ти̑ ви̑
genitive те̏бе, те ва̑с, вас
dative те̏би, ти ва̏ма, вам
accusative те̏бе, те ва̑с, вас
vocative ти ви̑
locative те̏би ва̏ма
instrumental то̏бо̄м ва̏ма

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ta. Compare Ukrainian та (ta).

Conjunction

те (Latin spelling te)

  1. and

Udi

Etymology

From Aghwan 𐔸𐔴 (te).

Determiner

те • (te)

  1. no
    -Ви баба арене? -Те.
    -Have your dad arrived? -No

Further reading

  • Gippert J., Schulze W., Aleksidze Z., Mahé J.-P., editors (2009), The Caucasian Albanian Palimpsests of Mount Sinai (Monumenta Palaeographica Medii Aevi: Series Ibero-Caucasica; 2), volume 1, Turnhout: Brepols, →ISBN, page II-55
  • Gukasjan, Vorošil (1974) “те”, in Удинско-азербайджанско-русский словарь [Udi–Azerbaijani–Russian Dictionary]‎, Baku: Academy Press, page 204

Ukrainian

Pronunciation

Determiner

те • (te)

  1. nominative/accusative neuter singular of той (toj)
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