те
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Bulgarian
Etymology
From earlier тѣ. Formed under the influence of тѣхъ (těxŭ), тѣмъ (těmŭ), тѣми (těmi).
Pronunciation
Pronoun
те • (te) (personal)
- They; the third-person plural pronoun in the nominative case, used as the subject of a verb.
- Те току-що пристигнаха.
- Te toku-što pristignaha.
- They have just arrived.
- Те са по-ниски от мен.
- Te sa po-niski ot men.
- They are shorter than me.
- short form of the second-person singular pronoun in the accusative case, used as the direct object of a verb; you
- Обичам те.
- Običam te.
- I love you.
- Може ли да те попитам нещо?
- Može li da te popitam nešto?
- Can I ask you something?
Related terms
| nominative (subject) |
accusative (direct complement) |
dative (indirect complement) |
prepositional | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| full | short | full | short | |||||
| singular | first person | аз (az) | мен (men) ме́не (méne) |
ме (me) | ме́не (méne) | ми (mi) | мен (men) ме́не (méne) | |
| second person |
informal | ти (ti) | теб (teb) те́бе (tébe) |
те (te) | те́бе (tébe) | ти (ti) | теб (teb) те́бе (tébe) | |
| formal | Ви́е (Víe) | Вас (Vas) | Ви (Vi) | Вам (Vam) | Ви (Vi) | Вас (Vas) | ||
| third person |
masculine | той (toj) | не́го (négo) | го (go) | не́му (nému) | му (mu) | не́го (négo) | |
| feminine | тя (tja) | не́я (néja) | я (ja) | ней (nej) | ѝ (ì) | не́я (néja) | ||
| neuter | то (to) | не́го (négo) | го (go) | не́му (nému) | му (mu) | не́го (négo) | ||
| plural | first person | ни́е (níe) ний (nij) |
нас (nas) | ни (ni) | нам (nam) | ни (ni) | нас (nas) | |
| second person |
informal | ви́е (víe) вий (vij) |
вас (vas) | ви (vi) | вам (vam) | ви (vi) | вас (vas) | |
| formal | Ви́е (Víe) | Вас (Vas) | Ви (Vi) | Вам (Vam) | Ви (Vi) | Вас (Vas) | ||
| third person | те (te) | тях (tjah) | ги (gi) | тям (tjam) | им (im) | тях (tjah) | ||
Eastern Mari
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
Pronoun
те • (te)
- (personal) you (plural and/or formal)
- те марла кутыреда?
- te marla kutyreda?
- do you speak Mari?
Declension
| Personal pronouns | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | accusative | genitive | dative | |
| 1st sg | мый (myj) | мыйым (myjym) | мыйын (myjyn) | мыланем (mylańem) ~ мылам (mylam) |
| 2nd sg | тый (tyj) | тыйым (tyjym) | тыйын (tyjyn) | тыланет (tylańet) ~ мылат (mylat) |
| 3rd sg | тудо (tudo) | тудым (tudym) | тудын (tudyn) | тудлан (tudlan) |
| 1st pl | ме (me) | мемнам (memnam) | мемнан (memnan) | мыланна (mylanna) |
| 2nd pl | те (te) | тендам (tendam) | тендан (tendan) | тыланда (tylanda) |
| 3rd pl | нуно (nuno) | нуным (nunym) | нунын (nunyn) | нунылан (nunylan) |
| *) There are two forms for personal pronouns in the first and second persons singular in the dative: мыланем (mylańem) ~ мылам (mylam) and тыланет (tylańet) ~ тылат (tylat). There is no overt difference in usage between the two forms. The nominative forms мый (myj) and mый (myj) also have long forms, мые and тые (tyje); these are typically encountered in poetic speech. | ||||
Derived terms
pronouns
- тендан (tendan)
References
- J. Bradley et al. (2023) “те”, in The Mari Web Project: Mari-English Dictionary, University of Vienna
Erzya
Etymology
From Proto-Mordvinic *ťä, from Proto-Uralic *tä (“this”). Cognate with Moksha тя (tä), Finnish tämä, Estonian tema, Skolt Sami tät, Udmurt та (ta), Hungarian teg- in tegnap, Tundra Nenets тей (ťej).
Pronunciation
Pronoun
те • (te)
- this
- Мон важодян те столенть экшсэ.
- Mon važoďan te stolenť ekšsë.
- I work at this desk.
- 1865, Ferdinand Johann Wiedemann, Das Evangelium des Matthäus ersamordwinisch, page 29:
- I tuź kuľa tede vese te mastorga.
- News of this spread through all that region.
- (literally, “ through all this region.”)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | те (te) | неть (neť), не (ne), нетне (netne) |
| genitive | тень (teń) | нетнень (netneń), нень (neń) |
| dative | тенень (teneń) | нетненень (netneneń), ненень (neneń) |
| ablative | теде (tede) | нетнеде (netnede), ненде (nende) |
| inessive | теньсэ (tensë), тень эйсэ (teń ejsë) | нетнесэ (netnesë), неньсэ (nensë) |
| elative | теньстэ (tenstë), тень эйстэ (teń ejstë) | нетнестэ (netnestë), неньстэ (nenstë) |
| illative | теньс (teńs), тень эйс (teń ejs) | нетнес (netnes), неньс (neńs) |
| prolative | теньга (teńga), тень эзга (teń ezga) | нетнева (netneva), неньга (neńga) |
| translative | текс (teks) | нетнекс (netneks), ненькс (neńks) |
| abessive | тентеме (tenteme) | нетневтеме (netnevteme), нентеме (nenteme) |
| comparative | теньшка (teńška) | нетнешка (netneška), неньшка (neńška) |
References
- B. A. Serebrennikov, R. N. Buzakova, M. V. Mosin (1993) “те”, in Эрзянь-рузонь валкс , Moscow: Русский язык, →ISBN
- Entry #1034 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
- Keresztes, László (1986) Geschichte der mordwinischen Konsonantismus II. Etymologisches Belegmaterial, Szeged: Studia Uralo-Altaica 26.
Macedonian
Pronunciation
Conjunction
те • (te)
Pronoun
те • (te)
- Short direct object form of ти (ti).
Old Novgorodian
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *tъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *tas m, *tāˀ f, *ta n, from Proto-Indo-European *só m, *séh₂ f, *tód n. First attested in c. 1025‒1050. Cognate with Old East Slavic тъ (tŭ), Old Ruthenian той (toj), Old Church Slavonic тъ (tŭ), Old Polish ten.
Pronunciation
- Hyphenation: те
Pronoun
те • (te)
Declension
Declension of те (hard pronominal)
| singular | dual | plural | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | neuter | feminine | masculine | neuter | feminine | masculine | neuter | feminine | |
| nominative | те te |
то to |
та ta |
та ta |
тѣ tě |
ти ti |
та ta |
тꙑ ty | |
| genitive | того togo |
тоѣ tojě |
тою toju |
тѣхъ těxŭ | |||||
| dative | томоу tomu |
тои toi |
тѣма těma |
тѣмъ těmŭ | |||||
| accusative | тъ tŭ |
то to |
тѫ tǫ |
та ta |
тѣ tě |
тꙑ ty |
та ta |
тꙑ ty | |
| instrumental | тѣмь těmĭ |
тоѭ tojǫ |
тѣма těma |
тѣми těmi | |||||
| locative | томь tomĭ |
тои toi |
тою toju |
тѣхъ těxŭ | |||||
References
- ^ Zaliznyak, Andrey (2004) Древненовгородский диалект (in Russian), 2nd edition, Moscow: LRC Publishing House, →ISBN, page 809
Further reading
- “те”, in “Birchbark Letters Corpus”, in Russian National Corpus, https://ruscorpora.ru, 2003–2025
Russian
Etymology 1
Pronunciation
Determiner
те • (te) pl (demonstrative)
- inflection of тот (tot):
Pronoun
те • (te) pl (demonstrative)
- inflection of тот (tot):
Etymology 2
Pronunciation
Pronoun
те • (te)
- (colloquial) contraction of тебе́ (tebé)
- 1985, Nautilus Pompilius , “Алчи, Алчи”, in Невидимка:
- Ма́ма, ма́стер дя́дя Ко́ля
Ждёт давно́ меня́ внизу́.
Вот те но́жик, вот те спи́чки.
Я на рабо́ту выхожу́.- Máma, máster djádja Kólja
Ždjot davnó menjá vnizú.
Vot te nóžik, vot te spíčki.
Ja na rabótu vyxožú. - (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- Máma, máster djádja Kólja
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology 1
Pronoun
те (Latin spelling te)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | ти̑ | ви̑ |
| genitive | те̏бе, те | ва̑с, вас |
| dative | те̏би, ти | ва̏ма, вам |
| accusative | те̏бе, те | ва̑с, вас |
| vocative | ти | ви̑ |
| locative | те̏би | ва̏ма |
| instrumental | то̏бо̄м | ва̏ма |
Etymology 2
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ta. Compare Ukrainian та (ta).
Conjunction
те (Latin spelling te)
Udi
Etymology
Determiner
те • (te)
- no
- — Ви баба арене? — Те.
- — Vi baba arene? — Te.
- — Has your dad arrived? — No.
Further reading
- Gippert J., Schulze W., Aleksidze Z., Mahé J.-P., editors (2009), The Caucasian Albanian Palimpsests of Mount Sinai (Monumenta Palaeographica Medii Aevi: Series Ibero-Caucasica; 2), volume 1, Turnhout: Brepols, →ISBN, page II-55
- Gukasjan, Vorošil (1974) “те”, in Удинско-азербайджанско-русский словарь , Baku: Academy Press, page 204
Ukrainian
Pronunciation
Determiner
те • (te)
- nominative/accusative/vocative neuter singular of той (toj)