хөх

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Mongolian

Etymology 1

MongolianCyrillic
ᠬᠥᠬᠡ
(köke)		хөх
(xöx)

From Proto-Mongolic *köke, compare Buryat хүхэ (xüxe). Borrowed from or cognate with Proto-Turkic *kȫk; compare Turkish gök and Evenki куку (kuku, “sea-coloured”). For the figurative sense, compare Kazakh көк жамбас (kök jambas).

Pronunciation

Adjective

хөх • (xöx)

  1. dark blue
  2. (obsolete) green, grue
  3. (figurative) weak; weakened
Usage notes

Although frequently translated as blue, хөх specifically refers to deep or dark blue and is distinguished from цэнхэр (cenxer) (light blue) as a separate color in modern Mongolian. In classical Mongolian, хөх was also inclusive of green hues such as fresh grass, although this is now distinguished as the separate color ногоон (nogoon) (green). Cf. Blue–green distinction in language on Wikipedia.

Derived terms

Etymology 2

MongolianCyrillic
ᠬᠥᠬᠦ
(kökü)		хөх
(xöx)

From Classical Mongolian ᠬᠥᠬᠦ (kökü), from Middle Mongol ᠬᠥᠬᠦᠨ (kökün), from Proto-Mongolic *kökün (“breast, nipple”).

Possibly related to Proto-Turkic *kögüz or *kögüŕ (“chest”). Compare Turkish göğüs, Kyrgyz көкүрөк (kökürök) and Chuvash кӑкӑр (kăk̬ăr). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

Noun

хөх • (xöx)

  1. breast (of a woman)
  2. teat (of an animal)
  3. dewlap (of a cow)
  4. piglet; squeaker (young of a wild boar)
Declension
Declension of хөх (ө-harmonic hidden-n үүд-pl) 
attributive хөхөн
xöxön
singular / indefinite definite plural
nominative хөх
xöx 		хөхнүүд
xöxnüüd
genitive хөхний
xöxnii 		хөхнүүдийн
xöxnüüdiin
accusative хөхийг
xöxiig 		хөхнүүдийг
xöxnüüdiig
dative-locative хөхөнд
xöxönd 		хөхнүүдэд
xöxnüüded
ablative хөхнөөс
xöxnöös 		хөхнүүдээс
xöxnüüdees
instrumental хөхөөр
xöxöör 		хөхнүүдээр
xöxnüüdeer
comitative хөхтэй
xöxtej 		хөхнүүдтэй
xöxnüüdtej
privative хөхгүй
xöxgüj 		хөхнүүдгүй
xöxnüüdgüj
directive хөх рүү
xöx rüü 		хөхнүүд рүү
xöxnüüd rüü
Reflexive possessive forms 
singular / indefinite definite plural
nominative хөхөө
xöxöö 		хөхнүүдээ
xöxnüüdee
genitive хөхнийхөө
xöxniixöö 		хөхнүүдийнхээ
xöxnüüdiinxee
accusative хөхийгөө
xöxiigöö 		хөхнүүдийгээ
xöxnüüdiigee
dative-locative хөхөндөө
xöxöndöö 		хөхнүүддээ
xöxnüüddee
ablative хөхнөөсөө
xöxnöösöö 		хөхнүүдээсээ
xöxnüüdeesee
instrumental хөхөөрөө
xöxööröö 		хөхнүүдээрээ
xöxnüüdeeree
comitative хөхтэйгөө
xöxtejgöö 		хөхнүүдтэйгээ
xöxnüüdtejgee
privative хөхгүйгээ
xöxgüjgee 		хөхнүүдгүйгээ
xöxnüüdgüjgee
directive хөх рүүгээ
xöx rüügee 		хөхнүүд рүүгээ
xöxnüüd rüügee
independent
genitive 		singular / indefinite definite plural
singular
possession 		хөхнийх
xöxniix 		хөхнүүдийнх
xöxnüüdiinx
collective
possession 		хөхнийхөн
xöxniixön 		хөхнүүдийнхэн
xöxnüüdiinxen
Derived terms

References

  • Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*kṓk`e”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
  • “хөх 1”, “хөх 2”, “хөх 3”, “хөх 4”, “хөх 5”, in Монгол хэлний их тайлбар толь [Dictionary of the Mongolian Language] (in Mongolian), Institute of Linguistics of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences, 2016–present
  • Большой академический монгольско–русский словарь в четырех томах [Great Academic Mongolian–Russian Dictionary in four volumes] (in Russian), Institute of Language and Literature of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences & Institute of Linguistics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2001
  • Enkhjargal Purev & al., "Color Terms in Mongolian Place Names: A Typological Perspective", Вопросы Ономастики, Vol. 20, No. 1 (2023), pp. 140–155.
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