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այր. In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word
այր, but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say
այր in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word
այր you have here. The definition of the word
այր will help you to be more precise and correct when speaking or writing your texts. Knowing the definition of
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Armenian
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
Learned borrowing from Old Armenian այր (ayr)
Noun
այր • (ayr) (archaic, poetic)
- man
- husband, spouse
- (figuratively) brave person, daredevil
Declension
Derived terms
Etymology 2
From Old Armenian այր (ayr).
Noun
այր • (ayr)
- cave, grotto
- Synonyms: քարանձավ (kʻaranjav), անձավ (anjav), քարայր (kʻarayr)
Declension
Old Armenian
Etymology 1
From Proto-Armenian *aynr, from *anir, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂nḗr.[1][2][3][4][5] See also առն (aṙn).
Noun
այր • (ayr)
- man, adult male
- քաջ արանց ― kʻaǰ arancʻ ― emperor
- վատ արանց ― vat arancʻ ― coward
- այր երեւելի ― ayr ereweli ― personage
- այր իւրաքանչիւր ― ayr iwrakʻančʻiwr ― everyone, every person, everybody
- այր ոք ― ayr okʻ ― a person, someone
- այր ընդ արամբ, այր զարամբ ― ayr ənd aramb, ayr zaramb ― in competition; with emulation
- այր ցընկեր ― ayr cʻənker ― one to another
- ընդ այր եւ ընդ կին ― ənd ayr ew ənd kin ― the men as well as the women, both men and women
- առ այր, յայր ― aṙ ayr, yayr ― each person, a head, a man
- այր խաղաղութեան ― ayr xałałutʻean ― peaceful man
- այր գործոյ ― ayr gorcoy ― ingenious, active man
- այր զօրութեան ― ayr zōrutʻean ― valorous man
- այր մահու ― ayr mahu ― guilty, worthy of death
- այր պատերազմի ― ayr paterazmi ― belligerous, warlike, martial man
- արք արեանց ― arkʻ areancʻ ― sanguinary, bloody men
- այր Աստուծոյ ― ayr Astucoy ― man of God
- այր եւ ձի, առն եւ ձիոյ ― ayr ew ji, aṙn ew jioy ― cavalry, horse
- husband, spouse
- առն տալ ― aṙn tal ― to marry
- առն՝ արանց լինել ― aṙn, arancʻ linel ― to get, to be married
- man of courage
Usage notes
The word has three combining forms: առն- (aṙn-), այր- (ayr-) and ար- (ar-).
Declension
anomalous
|
|
singular
|
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
այր (ayr)
|
արք (arkʻ)
|
| genitive
|
առն (aṙn)
|
արանց (arancʻ)
|
| dative
|
առն (aṙn)
|
արանց (arancʻ)
|
| accusative
|
այր (ayr)
|
արս (ars)
|
| ablative
|
առնէ (aṙnē)
|
արանց (arancʻ)
|
| instrumental
|
արամբ (aramb)
|
արամբք (arambkʻ)
|
| locative
|
առն (aṙn)
|
արս (ars)
|
Derived terms
Descendants
References
- ^ Ačaṙyan, Hračʻya (1940) Hayocʻ lezvi patmutʻyun [History of the Armenian Language] (in Armenian), volume I, Yerevan: University Press, pages 36–37
- ^ Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971–1979) “այր”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press
- ^ Godel, Robert (1975) An introduction to the study of classical Armenian, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, page 34
- ^ Fortson, Benjamin W. (2010) Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, second edition, Oxford: Blackwell, page 387
- ^ Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) “ayr₁”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 61
Further reading
- Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “այր”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
- Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “այր”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
Etymology 2
The origin is uncertain.
Has been considered an inheritance from Proto-Indo-European, with a cognate either in Ancient Greek ἄντρον (ántron, “cave”)[1][2][3][4][5][6] or Hittite (ḫariya-, “valley”).[7][8][9][10]
Noun
այր • (ayr)
- cave, cavern, grotto
- desolate place
Declension
Derived terms
Descendants
References
- ^ Pisani, Vittore (1944) “Armenische Studien. I. Zur armenischen Etymologie”, in Zeitschrift für vergleichende Sprachforschung (in German), volume 68, number 3/4, pages 161–162
- ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 50
- ^ Lamberterie, Charles de (1978) “Armeniaca I–VIII: études lexicales”, in Bulletin de la Société de Linguistique de Paris (in French), volume 73, pages 243–245
- ^ Lamberterie, Charles de (1992) “Introduction à l’arménien classique”, in Lalies: Actes des sessions de linguistique et de littérature 10 (Aussois, 29 août – 3 septembre 1988 / 28 août – 2 septembre 1989) (in French), volume 10, page 238 of 234–289
- ^ Olsen, Birgit Anette (1999) The noun in Biblical Armenian: origin and word-formation: with special emphasis on the Indo-European heritage (Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs; 119), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, page 92
- ^ J̌ahukyan, Geworg (2010) “այր II”, in Vahan Sargsyan, editor, Hayeren stugabanakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Asoghik, page 50a
- ^ Greppin, John A. C. (1983) “Armenian h-, Hittite h-, and the Indo-European laryngeal”, in Handes Amsorya, volume 87, Vienna, column 69
- ^ Tischler, Johann (1977–1983) “ḫari-”, in Hethitisches etymologisches Glossar (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft; 20) (in German), volume I, Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachwissenschaft der Universität Innsbruck, pages 172–173
- ^ Puhvel, Jaan (1991) Hittite Etymological Dictionary (Trends in linguistics. Documentation; 5), volume 3, Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, page 144
- ^ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 96a
Further reading
- Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971) “այր”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume I, Yerevan: University Press, pages 174–175
- Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “այր”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
- Clackson, James (1994) The linguistic relationship between Armenian and Greek (Publications of the Philological Society; 30), Oxford, Cambridge: Blackwell, page 98
- Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) “ayr₂”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 62
- Martirosyan, Hrach (2013) “The place of Armenian in the Indo-European language family: the relationship with Greek and Indo-Iranian”, in Journal of Language Relationship, number 10, page 109
- Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “այր”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
- Thorsø, Rasmus (2023) Prehistoric loanwords in Armenian: Hurro-Urartian, Kartvelian, and the unclassified substrate, PhD dissertation, Leiden University, page 21