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Older grammarians taught that the above declension is for “pagan gods” and that in the sense of “true God” the declension is Աստուծոյ(Astucoy), Աստուծով(Astucov), etc. However, this is incorrect. The word and its inflections were always written in an abbreviated form—Ած՟(Ac.), Այ՟(Ay.), յԱյ՟(yAy.), Ավ՟(Av.) etc., and in the situation where the correct inflections were not explicitly attested the Middle Armenian form Աստուծոյ(Astucoy), which had regularly developed from Old Armenian *Աստուածոյ(*Astuacoy), was taken to be true also for Old Armenian, and the incorrect spellings were introduced into manuscripts of Old Armenian made in the Middle Ages. That the correct forms are *Աստուածոյ(*Astuacoy) etc. is shown by phonological laws of Old Armenian and by the attested declension of the sense “false god”.[1][2][3][4]
^ Meillet, Antoine (1936) Esquisse d’une grammaire comparée de l’arménien classique (in French), 2nd edition, Vienna: Mekhitarist Press, page 22
^ Schmitt, Rüdiger (1981) Grammatik des Klassisch-Armenischen mit sprachvergleichenden Erläuterungen (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft; 32) (in German), Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachwissenschaft der Universität Innsbruck, page 42
Further reading
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Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971) “աստուած”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume I, Yerevan: University Press, pages 279–282, accepts Marr's etymology
Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “աստուած”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
J̌ahukyan, Geworg (2010) “աստուած”, in Vahan Sargsyan, editor, Hayeren stugabanakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Asoghik, considers two proposals most probable: 1) A compound whose first component is cognate with Proto-Germanic *ansuz and the second is either *deywós(“god”) + -ած(-ac) or *տուած(*tuac, “given”), from տու-(tu-) + -ած(-ac). 2) From the root աստ-(ast-), which is a by-form of հաստ(hast), although usually mistakenly connected with ազդ(azd); compare աստի(asti, “firm, sure; vehement, impetuous, strong”).
Lagarde (Boetticher), Paul de (1851) Arica (in Latin), Halle: J.F. Lippert, page 63 = Lagarde, Paul de (1854) Zur Urgeschichte der Armenier: ein philologischer Versuch (in German), Berlin: W. Hertz, page 20 derives from Avestan𐬀𐬯𐬙𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬝𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬙𐬀(astuuat̰ərəta, “the Avestan name of the Saoshyant”, literally “who is bodily, embodied, Truth”); see *HástH and *Hr̥tás for the constituents of this Avestan word
Martirosyan, Hrach (2015) “Notes on Anatolian loanwords in Armenian”, in International Conference “Armenian language contacts through the ages” (12–15 May 2015, St. Petersburg, Institute for linguistic studies, Russian Academy of sciences), Paper presented at a conference, page 8 and Martirosyan, Hrach (2019) “Traces of Indo-European ‘Father Sky, God’ in Armenian”, in U. Bläsing, J. Dum-Tragut, T.M. van Lint, editors, Armenian, Hittite, and Indo-European Studies: A Commemoration Volume for Jos J.S. Weitenberg (Hebrew University Armenian Studies; 15), Leuven: Peeters, pages 197–201, developing the idea of Xačaturova, Je. G. (1979) “Drevnejšije armjano-indo-iranskije jazykovyje kontakty [The oldest Armenian – Indo-Iranian language contacts]”, in Ē. B. Aġayan, editor, Hayocʻ lezvi hamematakan kʻerakanutʻyan harcʻer (in Russian), Yerevan: Academy Press, pages 373–374, derives from an Anatolian compound of the form *Aššu-Tiwaz(“good deity/lord, good Sun-god, good dawn/day or the like”), for whose constituents see Hittite(aššu-), Luwian𒉿𒀀𒋗𒍑(wa-a-šu-uš/wāsus/, “good”) and Luwian𒋾𒉿𒊍(tiwaz, “Sun-god”); the compound is attested as Hittite(aššu-šiwatt-, “good day”), which is cognate with Sanskritसुद्युत्(su-dyút, “having magnificent lustre”)
Marr, N. Ja. (1911) “Бог Σαβάζιος у армян [The God Σαβάζιος among Armenians]”, in Известия Российской Академии Наук. VI серия (in Russian), volume 5, number 10, pages 759–774 derives from the chief Phrygian god Σαβάζιος(Sabázios, “Sabazios”), but this is phonetically impossible