գայլ
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գայլ
Armenian
Alternative forms
- գել (gel) (dialectal)
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Old Armenian գայլ (gayl). The inherited form is գել (gel).
Pronunciation
- (Eastern Armenian) IPA(key): /ɡɑjl/,
- (Western Armenian) IPA(key): /kɑjl/,
Audio (Eastern Armenian): (file)
Noun
գայլ • (gayl)
Declension
| singular | plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | գայլ (gayl) | գայլեր (gayler) | ||
| dative | գայլի (gayli) | գայլերի (gayleri) | ||
| ablative | գայլից (gaylicʻ) | գայլերից (gaylericʻ) | ||
| instrumental | գայլով (gaylov) | գայլերով (gaylerov) | ||
| locative | — | — | ||
| definite forms | ||||
| nominative | գայլը/գայլն (gaylə/gayln) | գայլերը/գայլերն (gaylerə/gaylern) | ||
| dative | գայլին (gaylin) | գայլերին (gaylerin) | ||
| 1st person possessive forms (my) | ||||
| nominative | գայլս (gayls) | գայլերս (gaylers) | ||
| dative | գայլիս (gaylis) | գայլերիս (gayleris) | ||
| ablative | գայլիցս (gaylicʻs) | գայլերիցս (gaylericʻs) | ||
| instrumental | գայլովս (gaylovs) | գայլերովս (gaylerovs) | ||
| locative | — | — | ||
| 2nd person possessive forms (your) | ||||
| nominative | գայլդ (gayld) | գայլերդ (gaylerd) | ||
| dative | գայլիդ (gaylid) | գայլերիդ (gaylerid) | ||
| ablative | գայլիցդ (gaylicʻd) | գայլերիցդ (gaylericʻd) | ||
| instrumental | գայլովդ (gaylovd) | գայլերովդ (gaylerovd) | ||
| locative | — | — | ||
Derived terms
- շնագայլ (šnagayl)
Old Armenian
Etymology 1
| PIE word |
|---|
| *wáy |
Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *waylos (“howler, wolf”), which replaced the usual Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos (“wolf”) due to taboo.[1][2][3] The traditional attempts to derive from Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos (“wolf”) face great phonetic problems.
Alternative forms
- գայղ (gaył)
Noun
գայլ • (gayl)
- wolf
- գայլ մատակ ― gayl matak ― she-wolf
- կորիւն գայլոյ ― koriwn gayloy ― wolf's cub
- ցնկնիլ գայլոյ ― cʻnknil gayloy ― whelping
- ոռնալ գայլոյ ― oṙnal gayloy ― howling
Declension
o-type
u-type
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | գայլ (gayl) | գայլք (gaylkʻ) | |
| genitive | գայլու (gaylu) | գայլուց (gaylucʻ) | |
| dative | գայլու (gaylu) | գայլուց (gaylucʻ) | |
| accusative | գայլ (gayl) | գայլս (gayls) | |
| ablative | գայլուէ (gayluē) | գայլուց (gaylucʻ) | |
| instrumental | գայլու (gaylu) | գայլուք (gaylukʻ) | |
| locative | գայլու (gaylu) | գայլս (gayls) |
Derived terms
- գայլաբար (gaylabar)
- գայլաբարոյ (gaylabaroy)
- գայլաբարու (gaylabaru)
- գայլաբերան (gaylaberan)
- գայլագռաւ (gaylagṙaw)
- գայլախազ (gaylaxaz)
- գայլախազեայ (gaylaxazeay)
- գայլակեր (gaylaker)
- գայլակերպ (gaylakerp)
- գայլակորիւն (gaylakoriwn)
- գայլահազ (gaylahaz)
- գայլահալած (gaylahalac)
- գայլանամ (gaylanam)
- գայլապատառ (gaylapataṙ)
- գայլապէս (gaylapēs)
- գայլառ (gaylaṙ)
- գայլավատնեալ (gaylavatneal)
- գայլեղէն (gaylełēn)
- գայլենի (gayleni)
- գայլխոտ (gaylxot)
- գայլութիւն (gaylutʻiwn)
- մարդագայլ (mardagayl)
- մռզգայլիմ (mṙzgaylim)
Descendants
References
- ^ Fick, August (1894) Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der indogermanischen Sprachen (in German), 4th edition, volume II, bearbeitet von Adalbert Bezzenberger, August Fick, Whitley Stokes, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, pages 259–260
- ^ Olsen, Birgit Anette (1999) The noun in Biblical Armenian: origin and word-formation: with special emphasis on the Indo-European heritage (Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs; 119), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, page 34
- ^ Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 196
Further reading
- Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971) “գայլ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume I, Yerevan: University Press, pages 511–513
- Ačaṙyan, Hračʻya (1940) Hayocʻ lezvi patmutʻyun [History of the Armenian Language] (in Armenian), volume I, Yerevan: University Press, pages 42–43
- Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “գայլ”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
- Hübschmann, Heinrich (1897) Armenische Grammatik. 1. Theil: Armenische Etymologie (in German), Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, page 431
- Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “գայլ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
- Thorsø, Rasmus (2023) Prehistoric loanwords in Armenian: Hurro-Urartian, Kartvelian, and the unclassified substrate, PhD dissertation, Leiden University, pages 61-62
Etymology 2
From գայլ (gayl, “wolf”), a semantic loan from Ancient Greek λύκος (lúkos, “wolf; bit for a horse”).[1] Compare also Latin lupus (“wolf; bit with jagged teeth”).
Alternative forms
Noun
գայլ • (gayl)
- muzzle, cover for nose and mouth, bit
- գայլ ի բերան ածել, արկանել, հարկանել ― gayl i beran acel, arkanel, harkanel ― to gag
Declension
i-type
References
- ^ Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971–1979) “գայլ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press