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Armenian
Etymology
From Middle Armenian երնջնակ (ernǰnak).
Pronunciation
Noun
երնջնակ • (ernǰnak)
- eryngo, sea holly, Eryngium
Declension
References
- Ġazaryan, Ṙuben (1981) “երնջնակ”, in Busanunneri hayeren-latineren-ṙuseren-angleren-franseren-germaneren baṙaran [Armenian–Latin–Russian–English–French–German Dictionary of Plant Names], Yerevan: University Press, § 331, page 30b
- “երնջնակ”, in Žamanakakicʻ hayocʻ lezvi bacʻatrakan baṙaran [Explanatory Dictionary of Contemporary Armenian] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Academy Press, 1969–1980
- Malxaseancʻ, Stepʻan (1944–1945) “երնջնակ”, in Hayerēn bacʻatrakan baṙaran [Armenian Explanatory Dictionary] (in Armenian), Yerevan: State Publishing House
Middle Armenian
- երնջան (ernǰan), երնճան (ernčan), երընջնան (erənǰnan), երնջնան (ernǰnan), երննջան (ernnǰan)
- երնջակ (ernǰak), երնճնակ (ernčnak), երնջայ (ernǰay), երինճան (erinčan), երինճակ (erinčak), երիժնակ (erižnak) — found in Haybusak, but place of attestation unknown
Etymology
The origin is uncertain.
Ačaṙyan considers accidental the similarity with synonymous Ancient Greek ἠρύγγιον (ērúngion, diminutive), ἤρυγγος (ḗrungos), and derives երնջ(ն)ակ (ernǰ(n)ak) from երինջ (erinǰ, “heifer, young cow”), typologically comparing synonymous Turkish boğa dikeni (literally “bull thorn”), Middle Armenian ըղտու խնծոր (əġtu xncor, literally “camel's apple”) and especially Mingrelian გინიში ჯონჯღო (giniši ǯonǯɣo), გინიშ ჯღონჯღო (giniš ǯɣonǯɣo).[1] The latter contains გინი (gini), გენი (geni, “heifer”) and is synonymous with Georgian ღიჭა (ɣič̣a, “Sonchus”).[2][3][4] Martirosyan adds to the comparison Ancient Greek ἐρίφιον (eríphion, “Rubus agrestis”), a diminutive of ἔριφος (ériphos, “kid”).[5]
A borrowing from Ancient Greek ἠρύγγιον (ērúngion) is unlikely, because the plant is common in Armenia and is relatively widespread in the dialects. Al-Biruni relates that field eryngo is imported from Armenia and used as food.[6]
The synonymous Ottoman Turkish էրինճէ (erince) found only in Pōzačean's dictionary is an Armenian borrowing.[7][1][8]
Note the Arabic transliterations أُورِنْجِيُون (ʔūrinjiyūn), هُورِنْجِيُون (hūrinjiyūn) of Ancient Greek ἠρύγγιον (ērúngion) in Al-Biruni.[9]
Noun
երնջնակ • (ernǰnak)
- field eryngo (Eryngium campestre)
1478 – 1492,
Amirdovlatʻ Amasiacʻi,
Angitacʻ anpēt :
[11]- Ղարսանաթ· Իպն ասէ թէ այսոր թ. Իպրահիմ տիքէնի ասէ․ եւ ցեղ ու ցեղ կու լինի․ եւ որոյ ծաղիկն սպիտակ է, այնոր՝ ըղտու խնծոր կասեն․ եւ տերեւն տափակ կու լինի․ եւ հ. երնջան կասեն
- Ġarsanatʻ· Ipn asē tʻē aysor tʻ. Iprahim tikʻēni asē; ew cʻeġ u cʻeġ ku lini; ew oroy caġikn spitak ē, aynor, əġtu xncor kasen; ew terewn tapʻak ku lini; ew h. ernǰan kasen […]
- Ġarsanatʻ = Ipn says that Turks call it Iprahim tikʻēni. It has many varieties. The one with a white flower is called əġtu xncor . Its leaves are flat. Armenians call it ernǰan.
6th–12th? centuries,
Baṙkʻ Gałianosi :
[14]- երիգիոն (var. երնգիոն, երնիգոն)· երընջնան եւ զումնոն (var. երնջնան եւ գոմնոն, երննջան, երնջնան, երընջնան)
- erigion (var. erngion, ernigon)· erənǰnan ew zumnon (var. ernǰnan ew gomnon, ernnǰan, ernǰnan, erənǰnan)
- erigion = erənǰnan and zumnon
6th–12th? centuries,
Baṙkʻ Gałianosi :
[15]- ջանդիան· երնջնանի տակն (var. տակ)
- ǰandian· ernǰnani takn (var. tak)
- ǰandian = root of the yellow-flowered gentian
Derived terms
Descendants
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1973) “երնջնակ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume II, Yerevan: University Press, page 68ab
- ^ Marr, N. (1912) “Яфетические элементы в языках Армении. IV [Japhethic Elements in the Languages of Armenia. IV]”, in Известия Российской Академии Наук. VI серия (in Russian), volume 6, number 13, page 832, footnote 1
- ^ Kipšidze, Iosif (1914) “გენი”, in Грамматика мингрельского (иверского) языка с хрестоматией и словарем [Grammar of the Mingrelian (Iverian) Language with a Reader and a Dictionary] (Материалы по яфетическому языкознанию; 7) (in Russian), Saint Petersburg: Academy Press, page 215a
- ^ Kajaia, Otar (2005) “გინიში ჯონჯღო”, in Megrul-kartuli leksiḳoni [Mingrelian–Georgian Dictionary], online version prepared by Joost Gippert, Frankfurt am Main, published 2001–2004, page 246
- ^ Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 270
- ^ Abu Rejxan Beruni (1973) Izbrannyje proizvedenija. Tom 4. Farmakognozija v medicine (Kitab as-Sajdana fi-tibb) [Selected Works. Volume 4. Book on the Pharmacopoeia of Medicine] (in Russian), research, translation, notes and indexes by U. I. Karimov, Tashkent: Uzbek SSR Academy Press, § 193, page 305
- ^ Pōzačean, Yakovbos (1841) “էրինճէ”, in Hamaṙōt baṙaran i tačkakanē i hay [Concise Ottoman–Armenian Dictionary], Vienna: Mekhitarist Press, page 189a
- ^ Dankoff, Robert (1995) Armenian Loanwords in Turkish (Turcologica; 21), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, § 143, page 43
- ^ Abu Rejxan Beruni (1973) Izbrannyje proizvedenija. Tom 4. Farmakognozija v medicine (Kitab as-Sajdana fi-tibb) [Selected Works. Volume 4. Book on the Pharmacopoeia of Medicine] (in Russian), research, translation, notes and indexes by U. I. Karimov, Tashkent: Uzbek SSR Academy Press, § 46, pages 191, footnotes 2 and 3
- ^ Basmaǰean, K. Y., editor (1926), Amirtovlatʻi Amasiacʻwoy angitacʻ anpēt [Useless for Ignoramuses of Amirdovlatʿ Amasiacʿi], Vienna: Mekhitarist Press, § 684, page 133
- ^ Basmaǰean, K. Y., editor (1926), Amirtovlatʻi Amasiacʻwoy angitacʻ anpēt [Useless for Ignoramuses of Amirdovlatʿ Amasiacʿi], Vienna: Mekhitarist Press, § 1802, page 304
- ^ Basmaǰean, K. Y., editor (1926), Amirtovlatʻi Amasiacʻwoy angitacʻ anpēt [Useless for Ignoramuses of Amirdovlatʿ Amasiacʿi], Vienna: Mekhitarist Press, § 1954, page 333
- ^ Amalyan, H. M., editor (1975), Baṙgirkʻ hayocʻ (in Armenian), Yerevan: Academy Press, page 277
- ^ Greppin, John A. C. (1985) Baṙkʿ Gaɫianosi: The Greek–Armenian Dictionary to Galen, Delmar, New York: Caravan Books, page 44
- ^ Greppin, John A. C. (1985) Baṙkʿ Gaɫianosi: The Greek–Armenian Dictionary to Galen, Delmar, New York: Caravan Books, page 127
Further reading
- Ališan, Ġewond (1895) “Երնջակ”, in Haybusak kam haykakan busabaṙutʻiwn [Armenian Botany] (in Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, § 683, pages 165–166
- Ališan, Ġewond (1895) “Երիժնակ”, in Haybusak kam haykakan busabaṙutʻiwn [Armenian Botany] (in Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, § 672, page 164
- Artʻinean, Yovhannēs (1906) Tunkerə ew anoncʻ hayerēn anunnerə [Des plantes et de leurs noms arméniens] (in Armenian), Paris: D. Dogramadjian, pages 45—48
- Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836) “երնջնակ”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), volume I, Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, page 703b
- Béguinot, Augusto, Diratzouyan, Nersès (1912) Contributo alla flora dell' Armenia (in Italian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, § 297
- Ġazaryan, Ṙuben, Avetisyan, Henrik (2009) “երնջան, երնջնակ”, in Miǰin hayereni baṙaran [Dictionary of Middle Armenian] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, Yerevan: University Press, page 194b
- Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “երնջակ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, page 172b
- Vardanjan, Stella (1990) Амирдовлат Амасиаци, Ненужное для неучей (in Russian), Moscow: Nauka, pages 246, 673