զ-

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See also: զ, Ձ, Ջ, Զ, Appendix:Variations of "z", and Appendix:Variations of "q"

Old Armenian

Alternative forms

  • ս- (s-) — before voiceless consonants and only for the first sense

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰō- (“behind; after; for”). Cognates include Russian за (za), Lithuanian ažù (“behind, after, for, beyond”) and Latvian àiz (“behind, beyond”).

Preposition

զ- • (z-)

  1. Intensifying particle, appended to the word to amplify its meaning. Used extensively in Old Armenian, dead in modern Armenian.
    ականեմ ― akanem ― I look
    զականեմ ― zakanem ― I look intently
  2. marking the definite accusative case
    սիրել զԱստուած ― sirel zAstuac ― to love God
    տեսանել զարեգակն ― tesanel zaregakn ― to see the sun
    ուտել զհաց ― utel zhacʻ ― to eat bread
    փրկեա՛ զմեզ ի չարէն ― pʻrkeá zmez i čʻarēn ― save us from evil!
  3. (with dative) to (only with հարկանեմ (harkanem) and զարկեմ (zarkem))
    զահի հարկանել ― zahi harkanel ― to be afraid
    զամօթի հարկանել ― zamōtʻi harkanel ― to be shy
    ծափ զծափի հարկանել ― capʻ zcapʻi harkanel ― to clap
  4. (with ablative) about, of (this usage was called “narrative case” by older grammarians)
    խօսել զնմանէ ― xōsel znmanē ― to speak of him
    որ չարախօսեսցէ զհօրէ կամ զմօրէ, մահու վախճանեսցի ― or čʻaraxōsescʻē zhōrē kam zmōrē, mahu vaxčanescʻi ― he who speaks ill of his father or mother shall die
    զկիտացն ասեմ եւ զդելփինաց ― zkitacʻn asem ew zdelpʻinacʻ ― I am talking about whales and dolphins
    զի՞նչ դոքա զքէն վկայեն ― zi?nčʻ dokʻa zkʻēn vkayen ― what do these tell about you?
    ուսուցանէ զբարւոյ և զարդարոյ և զչարէ ― usucʻanē zbarwoy ew zardaroy ew zčʻarē ― teaches about the good and the just and the bad
    ինձ ոչ է փոյթ զայնմանէ ― inj očʻ ē pʻoytʻ zaynmanē ― I don't care about that thing
    տրտնջել զեղբարացն ― trtnǰel zełbaracʻn ― to complain about the brothers
  5. (with ablative) from
    առեալ զձեռանէ նորա ― aṙeal zjeṙanē nora ― holding from his hand
    կախեալ զբարձր զաշտարակէն ― kaxeal zbarjr zaštarakēn ― hanging from a high tower
  6. (with ablative) after, in order to obtain
    երթալ զոսկւոյ ― ertʻal zoskwoy ― to go and fetch gold, or in order to bring gold
    առաքել զջրոյ ― aṙakʻel zǰroy ― to send in order to bring water
    ...տաճիկ ուղտուք արձակէ ի Հայս արս զհողոյ և զջրոյ ― ...tačik ułtukʻ arjakē i Hays ars zhołoy ew zǰroy ― he sends men with swift camels into Armenia to get the earth and the water
  7. (with instrumental) round, around, about (this usage was called “circumlative case” by older grammarians)
    շուրջ զքաղաքաւն էին ― šurǰ zkʻałakʻawn ēin ― they were around the town
    արկանել զնովաւ ― arkanel znovaw ― to put on him
    զայնու ժամանակաւ ― zaynu žamanakaw ― around that time
    զհասարակ գիշերաւ, զմէջ գիշերաւ ― zhasarak gišeraw, zmēǰ gišeraw ― around midnight
    զինն ժամու ― zinn žamu ― around 9 o'clock
    անկաւ զպարանոցաւ նորա ― ankaw zparanocʻaw nora ― fell around his neck
  8. (with instrumental) marks the indirect object with some verbs
    եւ ոչ անցանեն զչափով ― ew očʻ ancʻanen zčʻapʻov ― and they don't cross the boundaries
    զտաճարաւն այպն առնէին ― ztačarawn aypn aṙnēin ― they were mocking the temple
    ածել զբոցով ― acel zbocʻov ― to pass above the flame, to singe
    անցուցանել զամենեքումբք ― ancʻucʻanel zamenekʻumbkʻ ― to surpass, to surmount, to excel more than all
  9. (with instrumental) found in numerous idioms
    զմտաւ ածել ― zmtaw acel ― to think
    զսրով երթալ ― zsrov ertʻal ― to die by sword
    զսիրով գալ ― zsirov gal ― to fall in love
    զանձամբ գալ ― zanjamb gal ― to take care about oneself
    զձեռօք ածել ― zjeṙōkʻ acel ― to obtain

Derived terms

Old Armenian terms prefixed with զ-
Old Armenian terms prefixed with ս-

References

  • Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “զա”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
  • Abrahamyan, Ašot (1976) Grabari jeṙnark [A Handbook of Old Armenian]‎ (in Armenian), 4th edition, Yerevan: Luys
  • Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971–1979) “զ-”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press
  • J̌ahukyan, Geworg (2010) “զ-”, in Vahan Sargsyan, editor, Hayeren stugabanakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Asoghik
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