է
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Armenian
Pronunciation
- (Eastern Armenian, standard) IPA(key):
- (Western Armenian, standard) IPA(key):
Audio (file)
Etymology 1
Letter
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է
է lowercase (uppercase Է)
- The 7th letter of Armenian alphabet, called է (ē). Transliterated as ē. Represents an open-mid front unrounded vowel: . In Old Armenian it must have been a diphthong-like vowel
See also
- (The Armenian script): Աա Բբ Գգ Դդ Եե Զզ Էէ Ըը Թթ Ժժ Իի Լլ Խխ Ծծ Կկ Հհ Ձձ Ղղ Ճճ Մմ Յյ Նն Շշ Ոո Չչ Պպ Ջջ Ռռ Սս Վվ Տտ Րր Ցց Ււ Փփ Քք Օօ Ֆֆ
- (Letter combinations): ու և ﬔ ﬕ ﬓ ﬗ ﬖ
- (Dialectological): ՠ / ա̈ ա̊ ա̄ ը̂ է̀ էօ / օ̈ էօ̀ / օ̈̀ իւ / ո̈ւ գյ կյ քյ հյ բՙ դՙ գՙ ձՙ ջՙ ղՙ ֈ ʔ
- (Punctuation): ՙ ՚ ՛ ՜ ՝ ՞ ՟ ․ ։ ֊
- (Symbols): ֏ ֎ ֍
References
- Dum-Tragut, Jasmine (2009) Armenian: Modern Eastern Armenian (London Oriental and African Language Library; 14), Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, § 1.1.1
Etymology 2
From Old Armenian է (ē).
Alternative forms
- ա (a) — dialectal, colloquial
- ե (e) — 1922–1940 reformed orthography
- յե (ye) — 1922–1940 reformed orthography, following a vowel
Pronunciation
- (Eastern Armenian, standard) IPA(key): , (following a vowel) IPA(key):
- (Western Armenian, standard) IPA(key): , (following a vowel) IPA(key):
Verb
է • (ē)
- third-person singular present of եմ (em)
- Նա հայ է։ ― Na hay ē. ― He is an Armenian.
- Նա հայ չէ։ ― Na hay čʻē. ― He is not an Armenian.
- Նա գիրքը կարդալու է։ ― Na girkʻə kardalu ē. ― He will read the book.
Etymology 3
Learned borrowing from Old Armenian է (ē).
Noun
Declension
i-type, animate (Eastern Armenian)
| singular | plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | է (ē) | էեր (ēer) | ||
| dative | էի (ēi) | էերի (ēeri) | ||
| ablative | էից (ēicʻ) | էերից (ēericʻ) | ||
| instrumental | էով (ēov) | էերով (ēerov) | ||
| locative | — | — | ||
| definite forms | ||||
| nominative | էն (ēn) | էերը/էերն (ēerə/ēern) | ||
| dative | էին (ēin) | էերին (ēerin) | ||
| 1st person possessive forms (my) | ||||
| nominative | էս (ēs) | էերս (ēers) | ||
| dative | էիս (ēis) | էերիս (ēeris) | ||
| ablative | էիցս (ēicʻs) | էերիցս (ēericʻs) | ||
| instrumental | էովս (ēovs) | էերովս (ēerovs) | ||
| locative | — | — | ||
| 2nd person possessive forms (your) | ||||
| nominative | էդ (ēd) | էերդ (ēerd) | ||
| dative | էիդ (ēid) | էերիդ (ēerid) | ||
| ablative | էիցդ (ēicʻd) | էերիցդ (ēericʻd) | ||
| instrumental | էովդ (ēovd) | էերովդ (ēerovd) | ||
| locative | — | — | ||
Derived terms
Old Armenian
Etymology
From Proto-Armenian *ei, from *eti, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti, the regular reflex of which would have been *եստ (*est). We are dealing here with the analogical influence of the corresponding ending of thematic verbs (compare բերէ (berē)) and the analogical extension of the secondary stem *e(h)- deriving from *h₁ésmi.
Verb
է • (ē)
- third-person singular present active indicative of եմ (em)
Noun
է • (ē)
Declension
i-type
Descendants
- Armenian: է (ē)
Further reading
- Hrach Martirosyan (2013), Hayocʻ lezvi patmutʻyan himnaharcʻer (kiraknōrya dasəntʻacʻ), Neracutʻyun
- Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “է”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
- Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “է”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
Ottoman Turkish
Letter
է • (e)
- A letter of the Armeno-Turkish script, named է (e). Represents mid front unrounded vowel: . Transliterated as e.