թոյն

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Old Armenian

Alternative forms

Etymology

The origin is uncertain.

Perhaps from a secondary derivative of Proto-Indo-European *tewh₂- (to swell; to be strong).[1][2] Typologically compare Proto-Germanic *aitrą (poison; pus) inherited from the root meaning "to swell".

Noun

թոյն (tʻoyn)

  1. poison, venom
    թափել զթոյնtʻapʻel ztʻoynto remove or extract the venom, to give antidotes
    թոյն առնուլtʻoyn aṙnulto take poison
    թոյն մահուtʻoyn mahumortal poison
    թոյն մահու արբուցանելtʻoyn mahu arbucʻanelto cause one to drink a mortal poison
    թոյն դառնութեանtʻoyn daṙnutʻeanbitter poison
    • 5th century, Bible, James 3.8:
      Բայց զլեզու մարդկան ոչ ոք կարէ հնազանդել, զչարն եւ զանկարգ եւ զլի թունօք մահաբերին:
      Baycʻ zlezu mardkan očʻ okʻ karē hnazandel, zčʻarn ew zankarg ew zli tʻunōkʻ mahaberin:
      But the tongue can no man tame; an unruly evil, full of deadly poison
  2. (figuratively) spite, virulency, venom
    թափել զթոյնս յոքtʻapʻel ztʻoyns yokʻto give vent to one's anger, rage, malice, to grow fierce or ferocious

Usage notes

Usually used in the plural.

Declension

i-a-type
singular plural
nominative թոյն (tʻoyn) թոյնք (tʻoynkʻ)
genitive թունի (tʻuni) թունաց (tʻunacʻ)
dative թունի (tʻuni) թունաց (tʻunacʻ)
accusative թոյն (tʻoyn) թոյնս (tʻoyns)
ablative թունէ (tʻunē) թունաց (tʻunacʻ)
instrumental թունաւ (tʻunaw) թունաւք = թունօք (tʻunawkʻ = tʻunōkʻ)
locative թունի (tʻuni) թոյնս (tʻoyns)
i-type
singular plural
nominative թոյն (tʻoyn) թոյնք (tʻoynkʻ)
genitive թունի (tʻuni) թունից (tʻunicʻ)
dative թունի (tʻuni) թունից (tʻunicʻ)
accusative թոյն (tʻoyn) թոյնս (tʻoyns)
ablative թունէ (tʻunē) թունից (tʻunicʻ)
instrumental թունիւ (tʻuniw) թունիւք (tʻuniwkʻ)
locative թունի (tʻuni) թոյնս (tʻoyns)

post-classical

o-type
singular plural
nominative թոյն (tʻoyn) թոյնք (tʻoynkʻ)
genitive թունոյ (tʻunoy) թունոց (tʻunocʻ)
dative թունոյ (tʻunoy) թունոց (tʻunocʻ)
accusative թոյն (tʻoyn) թոյնս (tʻoyns)
ablative թունոյ (tʻunoy) թունոց (tʻunocʻ)
instrumental թունով (tʻunov) թունովք (tʻunovkʻ)
locative թոյն (tʻoyn) թոյնս (tʻoyns)

this declension is postulated by Nor Baṙgirkʿ Haykazean Lezui without attestation

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Armenian: թույն (tʻuyn)

References

  1. ^ Badrupanean (Patrubány), Ġukas (1908) “Stugabanakan hetazōtutʻiwnkʻ [Etymological Studies]”, in Handes Amsorya (in Armenian), volume 22, numbers 4–5, § 26, page 152b
  2. ^ Olsen, Birgit Anette (1999) The noun in Biblical Armenian: origin and word-formation: with special emphasis on the Indo-European heritage (Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs; 119), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, page 63

Further reading

  • Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1973) “թոյն”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume II, Yerevan: University Press, pages 195–196, unknown origin
  • Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1979) “Haykakankʻ (Armeniaca)”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, volume IV, Yerevan: University Press, pages 670–671, comparing to Ancient Greek θείνω (theínō, to strike, wound), κτείνω (kteínō, to kill, slay)
  • Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “թոյն”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
  • Greppin, John A. C. (1973–1974) “The etymology of Armenian t‘oyn "venom"”, in Revue des Études Arméniennes, volume 10, connecting with թուք (tʻukʻ, spittle), թքանեմ (tʻkʻanem, to spit)
  • J̌ahukyan, Geworg (1987) Hayocʻ lezvi patmutʻyun; naxagrayin žamanakašrǰan [History of the Armenian language: The Pre-Literary Period]‎ (in Armenian), Yerevan: Academy Press, page 271a, unknown origin
  • Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “թոյն”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy