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իշխան. In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word
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Armenian
Etymology
Inherited from Old Armenian իշխան (išxan).
Pronunciation
Noun
իշխան • (išxan)
- prince, ruler, ishkhan
- Sevan trout, Salmo ischchan
- Coordinate terms: կարմրախայտ (karmraxayt), ամառային բախտակ (amaṙayin baxtak), ձմեռային բախտակ (jmeṙayin baxtak), բոջուկ (boǰuk), գեղարքունի (geġarkʻuni)
- (Ardanuç) a variety of plum
- Hypernym: սալոր (salor)
Declension
Derived terms
Descendants
References
- Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1973) “իշխել”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume II, Yerevan: University Press, page 247b
Old Armenian
Etymology
Borrowed from a Middle Iranian descendant of Old Iranian *xšāna-, with a prothetic vowel and metathesis; ultimately from Proto-Iranian *xšaH- (“to rule, be lord of”). Among the cognates compare especially Sogdian (ʾγšʾwʾn /(ə)xšāwan/), (ʾγšywny /(ə)xšēwanē/), (ʾxšywn(y) /əxšēwanē/, “king”), further also Manichaean Parthian 𐫀𐫟𐫢𐫏𐫗𐫅 (ʾxšynd /axšēnd/, “prince”). Related to իշխեմ (išxem, “to rule”).
Noun
իշխան • (išxan)
- prince, ruler, ishkhan; master
- իշխանաց իշխան, իշխան աշխարհի ― išxanacʻ išxan, išxan ašxarhi ― the sovereign, the king; prince, crown-prince, heir-apparent
- իշխան զօրուն ― išxan zōrun ― general of the army
- իշխան երգոց ― išxan ergocʻ ― master of the choir
- իշխան աշխարհի, խաւարի, մոլորութեան ― išxan ašxarhi, xawari, molorutʻean ― the prince of darkness, satan, demon, fiend
- իշխանք ― išxankʻ ― the authorities
- իշխան լինել ― išxan linel ― to rule, to command, to be in power, in authority
- իշխան առնել զոք ― išxan aṙnel zokʻ ― to give power to someone
- իշխան էր իւրոց ախտից ― išxan ēr iwrocʻ axticʻ ― he was master of himself, or his own master
- քում գլխոյդ չես իշխան ― kʻum glxoyd čʻes išxan ― you are not lord of your own life
- չէ իշխան ― čʻē išxan ― he cannot, he is not authorized to
- զիշխանի թեկն ածել ― zišxani tʻekn acel ― to pass oneself off for a prince; to play the grandee, to lord it
5th century,
Bible,
Job 12.21:
- Հեղու անարգութիւն ի վերայ իշխանաց․ եւ զխոնարհս բժշկեաց։
- Hełu anargutʻiwn i veray išxanacʻ; ew zxonarhs bžškeacʻ.
- Translation by Claude E. Cox
- He pours dishonour on rulers, and he healed the humble.
5th century,
Ełišē,
Vasn Vardanay ew Hayocʿ paterazmin 6:
- Զգունդն առաջին տայր ի ձեռն իշխանին Արծրունեաց, և նիզակակից նմա զմեծ իշխանն Մոկաց․ և զայլն ամենայն նախարարեան համահարզս երկոցունց, և զեմանայն բազմութիւն գնդին թեւս աստի և անտի կազմէր նոցա։
- Zgundn aṙaǰin tayr i jeṙn išxanin Arcruneacʻ, ew nizakakicʻ nma zmec išxann Mokacʻ; ew zayln amenayn naxararean hamaharzs erkocʻuncʻ, ew zemanayn bazmutʻiwn gndin tʻews asti ew anti kazmēr nocʻa.
- Translation by Robert W. Thomson
- The first division he entrusted to the prince of Artsrunik‘, with the great prince of Mokk‘ in support. Many other nobles he appointed as adjutants to these two, and deployed the mass of the troops on the wings to either side.
7th century,
Sebēos,
Patmutʿiwnʿ 28:
- Եւ էր հրամանատար զաւրուն նորա պարսիկ ոմն իշխան՝ անուն Դատոյեան, հրամանաւ արքունի։
- Ew ēr hramanatar zawrun nora parsik omn išxan, anun Datoyean, hramanaw arkʻuni.
- 1999 translation by Robert W. Thomson
- The commander of their force was a certain Persian prince named Datoyean, by royal command.
Declension
Derived terms
Related terms
Descendants
References
- ^ Benveniste, Émile (1929) “Titres iraniens en arménien”, in Revue des Études Arméniennes (in French), volume 9, number 1, pages 7–9
- ^ Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1973) “իշխան”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume II, Yerevan: University Press, page 246b
- ^ Schmitt, Rüdiger (1981) Grammatik des Klassisch-Armenischen mit sprachvergleichenden Erläuterungen (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft; 32) (in German), Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachwissenschaft der Universität Innsbruck, page 210
- ^ Greppin, John A. C. (1982) “A Note on Armenian išxan ‘ruler’”, in Annual of Armenian linguistics, number 3, pages 57–59
- ^ Schmitt, Rüdiger (1983) “Iranisches Lehngut im Armenischen”, in Revue des Études Arméniennes (in German), volume 17, page 89
- ^ Schmitt, Rüdiger (1987) “Armenia and Iran IV. Iranian influences in Armenian 1. General”, in Ehsan Yarshater, editor, Encyclopædia Iranica, volume 2, London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul, page 451a of 445–459
- ^ J̌ahukyan, Geworg (1987) Hayocʻ lezvi patmutʻyun; naxagrayin žamanakašrǰan [History of the Armenian language: The Pre-Literary Period] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Academy Press, page 526
- ^ Olsen, Birgit Anette (1999) The noun in Biblical Armenian: origin and word-formation: with special emphasis on the Indo-European heritage (Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs; 119), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, page 293
- ^ J̌ahukyan, Geworg (2010) “իշխան”, in Vahan Sargsyan, editor, Hayeren stugabanakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Asoghik, page 286b
- ^ Martirosyan, Hrach (2021) Iranian personal names in Armenian collateral tradition (Iranisches Personennamenbuch, Band V, Faszikel 3), Vienna: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, page 200
- ^ Cox, Claude E. (2006) Armenian Job: reconstructed Greek text, critical edition of the Armenian with English translation (Hebrew University Armenian studies; 8), Leuven – Paris – Dudley, MA: Peeters, page 111
- ^ Ełišē (1957) E. Tēr-Minasean, editor, Vasn Vardanay ew hayocʻ paterazmin [History of Vardan and the Armenian War], Yerevan: Academy Press, page 116
- ^ Thomson, Robert W. (1982) Ełišē, History of Vardan and the Armenian War (Harvard Armenian texts and studies; 5), Cambridge, Massachusetts, London, England: Harvard University Press, page 168
- ^ Sebēos (1979) G. V. Abgaryan, editor, Patmutʻiwn Sebēosi [Sebeos' History], Yerevan: Academy Press, critical text with introduction and commentary, page 102
- ^ Thomson, Robert W. (1999) The Armenian History attributed to Sebeos (Translated Texts for Historians; 31), historical commentary by James Howard-Johnston; assistance from Tim Greenwood, Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, page 51
Further reading
- Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1973) “իշխել”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume II, Yerevan: University Press, pages 246–247
- Adjarian, H. (1908–1909) “Étymologies arméniennes”, in Mémoires de la Société de Linguistique de Paris (in French), volume 15, pages 243–244
- Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836) “իշխան”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), volume I, Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, page 864bc
- Kōrš, F. E. (1914) “Šx zugordutʻiwnə hin hayerēnum [The combination šx in Old Armenian]”, in Mšak (in Armenian), number 122, Tiflis, explains the ի- (i-) by the preverb *Habí-
- Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “իշխան”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, page 246a