իշխան

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See also: Իշխան

Armenian

Armenian Wikipedia has an article on:
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Armenian Wikipedia has an article on:
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Etymology

Inherited from Old Armenian իշխան (išxan).

Pronunciation

Noun

իշխան • (išxan)

  1. prince, ruler, ishkhan
  2. Sevan trout, Salmo ischchan
    Coordinate terms: կարմրախայտ (karmraxayt), ամառային բախտակ (amaṙayin baxtak), ձմեռային բախտակ (jmeṙayin baxtak), բոջուկ (boǰuk), գեղարքունի (geġarkʻuni)
  3. (Ardanuç) a variety of plum
    Hypernym: սալոր (salor)
  4. (historical) notable, an influential person

Declension

i-type, animate (Eastern Armenian)
singular plural
nominative իշխան (išxan) իշխաններ (išxanner)
dative իշխանի (išxani) իշխանների (išxanneri)
ablative իշխանից (išxanicʻ) իշխաններից (išxannericʻ)
instrumental իշխանով (išxanov) իշխաններով (išxannerov)
locative — —
definite forms
nominative իշխանը/իշխանն (išxanə/išxann) իշխանները/իշխաններն (išxannerə/išxannern)
dative իշխանին (išxanin) իշխաններին (išxannerin)
1st person possessive forms (my)
nominative իշխանս (išxans) իշխաններս (išxanners)
dative իշխանիս (išxanis) իշխաններիս (išxanneris)
ablative իշխանիցս (išxanicʻs) իշխաններիցս (išxannericʻs)
instrumental իշխանովս (išxanovs) իշխաններովս (išxannerovs)
locative — —
2nd person possessive forms (your)
nominative իշխանդ (išxand) իշխաններդ (išxannerd)
dative իշխանիդ (išxanid) իշխաններիդ (išxannerid)
ablative իշխանիցդ (išxanicʻd) իշխաններիցդ (išxannericʻd)
instrumental իշխանովդ (išxanovd) իշխաններովդ (išxannerovd)
locative — —

Derived terms

Descendants

  • → English: ishkhan
  • → Georgian: იშხანი (išxani)
  • → Kyrgyz: ишхан (işhan)
  • → Russian: ишха́н (išxán)

References

  • Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1973) “իշխել”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume II, Yerevan: University Press, page 247b

Old Armenian

Etymology

Borrowed from a Middle Iranian descendant of Old Iranian *xšāna-, with a prothetic vowel and metathesis; ultimately from Proto-Iranian *xšaH- (“to rule, be lord of”).[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] Among the cognates compare especially Sogdian (ʾγšʾwʾn /⁠(ə)xšāwan⁠/), (ʾγšywny /⁠(ə)xšēwanē⁠/), (ʾxšywn(y) /⁠əxšēwanē⁠/, “king”), further also Manichaean Parthian 𐫀𐫟𐫢𐫏𐫗𐫅 (ʾxšynd /⁠axšēnd⁠/, “prince”). Related to իշխեմ (išxem, “to rule”).

Noun

իշխան • (išxan)

  1. prince, ruler, ishkhan; master
    իշխանաց իշխան, իշխան աշխարհի ― išxanacʻ išxan, išxan ašxarhi ― the sovereign, the king; prince, crown-prince, heir-apparent
    իշխան զօրուն ― išxan zōrun ― general of the army
    իշխան երգոց ― išxan ergocʻ ― master of the choir
    իշխան աշխարհի, խաւարի, մոլորութեան ― išxan ašxarhi, xawari, molorutʻean ― the prince of darkness, satan, demon, fiend
    իշխանք ― išxankʻ ― the authorities
    իշխան լինել ― išxan linel ― to rule, to command, to be in power, in authority
    իշխան առնել զոք ― išxan aṙnel zokʻ ― to give power to someone
    իշխան էր իւրոց ախտից ― išxan ēr iwrocʻ axticʻ ― he was master of himself, or his own master
    քում գլխոյդ չես իշխան ― kʻum glxoyd čʻes išxan ― you are not lord of your own life
    չէ իշխան ― čʻē išxan ― he cannot, he is not authorized to
    զիշխանի թեկն ածել ― zišxani tʻekn acel ― to pass oneself off for a prince; to play the grandee, to lord it
    • 5th century, Bible, Job 12.21:[11]
      Հեղու անարգութիւն ի վերայ իշխանաց․ եւ զխոնարհս բժշկեաց։
      Hełu anargutʻiwn i veray išxanacʻ; ew zxonarhs bžškeacʻ.
      • Translation by Claude E. Cox
        He pours dishonour on rulers, and he healed the humble.
    • 5th century, Ełišē, Vasn Vardanay ew Hayocʻ paterazmin 6:[12][13]
      Զգունդն առաջին տայր ի ձեռն իշխանին Արծրունեաց, և նիզակակից նմա զմեծ իշխանն Մոկաց․ և զայլն ամենայն նախարարեան համահարզս երկոցունց, և զեմանայն բազմութիւն գնդին թեւս աստի և անտի կազմէր նոցա։
      Zgundn aṙaǰin tayr i jeṙn išxanin Arcruneacʻ, ew nizakakicʻ nma zmec išxann Mokacʻ; ew zayln amenayn naxararean hamaharzs erkocʻuncʻ, ew zemanayn bazmutʻiwn gndin tʻews asti ew anti kazmēr nocʻa.
      • Translation by Robert W. Thomson
        The first division he entrusted to the prince of Artsrunik‘, with the great prince of Mokk‘ in support. Many other nobles he appointed as adjutants to these two, and deployed the mass of the troops on the wings to either side.
    • 7th century, Sebēos, Patmutʻiwnʻ 28:[14][15]
      Եւ էր հրամանատար զաւրուն նորա պարսիկ ոմն իշխան՝ անուն Դատոյեան, հրամանաւ արքունի։
      Ew ēr hramanatar zawrun nora parsik omn išxan, anun Datoyean, hramanaw arkʻuni.
      • 1999 translation by Robert W. Thomson
        The commander of their force was a certain Persian prince named Datoyean, by royal command.

Declension

i-a-type
singular plural
nominative իշխան (išxan) իշխանք (išxankʻ)
genitive իշխանի (išxani) իշխանաց (išxanacʻ)
dative իշխանի (išxani) իշխանաց (išxanacʻ)
accusative իշխան (išxan) իշխանս (išxans)
ablative իշխանէ (išxanē) իշխանաց (išxanacʻ)
instrumental իշխանաւ (išxanaw) իշխանաւք = իշխանօք (išxanawkʻ = išxanōkʻ)
locative իշխանի (išxani) իշխանս (išxans)

Derived terms

given names

Descendants

References

  1. ^ Benveniste, Émile (1929) “Titres iraniens en arménien”, in Revue des Études Arméniennes‎ (in French), volume 9, number 1, pages 7–9
  2. ^ Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1973) “իշխան”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume II, Yerevan: University Press, page 246b
  3. ^ Schmitt, Rüdiger (1981) Grammatik des Klassisch-Armenischen mit sprachvergleichenden Erläuterungen (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft; 32) (in German), Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachwissenschaft der Universität Innsbruck, page 210
  4. ^ Greppin, John A. C. (1982) “A Note on Armenian išxan ‘ruler’”, in Annual of Armenian linguistics‎, number 3, pages 57–59
  5. ^ Schmitt, Rüdiger (1983) “Iranisches Lehngut im Armenischen”, in Revue des Études Arméniennes (in German), volume 17, page 89
  6. ^ Schmitt, Rüdiger (1987) “Armenia and Iran IV. Iranian influences in Armenian 1. General”, in Ehsan Yarshater, editor, Encyclopædia Iranica‎, volume 2, London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul, page 451a of 445–459
  7. ^ J̌ahukyan, Geworg (1987) Hayocʻ lezvi patmutʻyun; naxagrayin žamanakašrǰan [History of the Armenian language: The Pre-Literary Period]‎ (in Armenian), Yerevan: Academy Press, page 526
  8. ^ Olsen, Birgit Anette (1999) The noun in Biblical Armenian: origin and word-formation: with special emphasis on the Indo-European heritage (Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs; 119), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, page 293
  9. ^ J̌ahukyan, Geworg (2010) “իշխան”, in Vahan Sargsyan, editor, Hayeren stugabanakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Asoghik, page 286b
  10. ^ Martirosyan, Hrach (2021) Iranian personal names in Armenian collateral tradition (Iranisches Personennamenbuch, Band V, Faszikel 3), Vienna: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, page 200
  11. ^ Cox, Claude E. (2006) Armenian Job: reconstructed Greek text, critical edition of the Armenian with English translation (Hebrew University Armenian studies; 8), Leuven – Paris – Dudley, MA: Peeters, page 111
  12. ^ Ełišē (1957) E. Tēr-Minasean, editor, Vasn Vardanay ew hayocʻ paterazmin [History of Vardan and the Armenian War], Yerevan: Academy Press, page 116
  13. ^ Thomson, Robert W. (1982) Ełišē, History of Vardan and the Armenian War (Harvard Armenian texts and studies; 5)‎, Cambridge, Massachusetts, London, England: Harvard University Press, page 168
  14. ^ Sebēos (1979) G. V. Abgaryan, editor, Patmutʻiwn Sebēosi [Sebeos' History], Yerevan: Academy Press, critical text with introduction and commentary, page 102
  15. ^ Thomson, Robert W. (1999) The Armenian History attributed to Sebeos (Translated Texts for Historians; 31)‎, historical commentary by James Howard-Johnston; assistance from Tim Greenwood, Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, page 51

Further reading

  • Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1973) “իշխել”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume II, Yerevan: University Press, pages 246–247
  • Adjarian, H. (1908–1909) “Étymologies arméniennes”, in Mémoires de la Société de Linguistique de Paris (in French), volume 15, pages 243–244
  • Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836) “իշխան”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), volume I, Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, page 864bc
  • Kōrš, F. E. (1914) “Šx zugordutʻiwnə hin hayerēnum [The combination šx in Old Armenian]”, in Mšak‎ (in Armenian), number 122, Tiflis, explains the ի- (i-) by the preverb *Habí-
  • Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “իշխան”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, page 246a
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