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հարկ. In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word
հարկ, but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say
հարկ in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word
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Armenian
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
Learned borrowing from Old Armenian յարկ (yark).
Alternative forms
Noun
հարկ • (hark)
- floor, storey
- այս շենքն ունի հինգ հարկ ― ays šenkʻn uni hing hark ― this building has five floors
- roof
- մեկ հարկի տակ ապրել ― mek harki tak aprel ― to live under one roof
Declension
Derived terms
Etymology 2
From Old Armenian հարկ (hark).
Noun
հարկ • (hark)
- tax
- հարկեր վճարել ― harker včarel ― to pay taxes
- tribute
- հարկ դնել ― hark dnel ― to lay under tribute
- necessity, need
- հարկ չկա անհանգստանալու ― hark čʻka anhangstanalu ― there is no need to worry
- հարկ համարել ― hark hamarel ― consider it necessary
Declension
Derived terms
Old Armenian
Etymology
A Middle Iranian borrowing. Compare Middle Persian (hlg /harg/, “duty, tribute; work, effort”), Manichaean Middle Persian 𐫍𐫡𐫃 (harg), 𐫟𐫡𐫃 (xarg, “tribute”), Khotanese (harga-, “tax”). Doublet of երկք (erkkʻ). For the ultimate origin see Cheung. Also from Iranian: Old Georgian ხარკი (xarḳi), Aghwan 𐕆𐔰𐕙𐔼𐕄 (hariḳ), Arabic خَرْج (ḵarj), Niya Prakrit 𐨱𐨪𐨿𐨒 (harga).
Noun
հարկ • (hark)
- tribute; penalty; tax, impost, duty, excise
- հարկս հարկանել ― harks harkanel ― to pay a tribute; to be tribute to
- ընդ հարկաւ արկանել, ի հարկի կացուցանել ― ənd harkaw arkanel, i harki kacʻucʻanel ― to place or lay under contribution, to tax, to load or burden with imposts, to levy contributions, to render tributary, to subdue, to subject, to enslave, to subjugate
- հարկ վերադիր ― hark veradir ― additional tax
- հարկ տարապայման ― hark tarapayman ― over-assessment
- հարկ հանել ― hark hanel ― to gather in, to exact tribute, to raise money, to put a tax on
- հատուցանել զհարկ շնորհապարտ մեծարանացն ― hatucʻanel zhark šnorhapart mecaranacʻn ― to pay the tribute of gratitude
- collection (an act of collecting money to help a charity or during a church service)
- duty, service
- ի հարկի կալ, մտանել ի հարկ ― i harki kal, mtanel i hark ― to serve, to subject oneself to, to submit
- compulsion, force
- հարկաւ, ի հարկէ, առ հարկի ― harkaw, i harkē, aṙ harki ― by force, by compulsion, forcibly
- հարկ առնել ― hark aṙnel ― to force, to constrain, to use violence
- necessity, want, need
- հարկ է ― hark ē ― one must, it is necessary
- հարկ էր ― hark ēr ― it was necessary
- չէ հարկ, չէ ինչ հարկ ― čʻē hark, čʻē inčʻ hark ― it is not necessary, there is no need, no matter
- հարկ դժնդակ ― hark džndak ― shocking necessity
- առանց հարկի ― aṙancʻ harki ― without necessity
- հարկաւ, ի հարկէ, առ հարկի ― harkaw, i harkē, aṙ harki ― necessarily, of necessity, essentially; inevitably, indispensably
- հարկ ի վերայ կայ ինձ ― hark i veray kay inj ― necessity obliges me to
- հարկ եղեւ նմա բողոքել ի կայսրն ― hark ełew nma bołokʻel i kaysrn ― he was obliged to appeal to Caesar
- հարկ եղեւ մեզ առնել ― hark ełew mez aṙnel ― we were obliged, compelled or constrained to do
- հարկ է ինձ երթալ ― hark ē inj ertʻal ― I must go
- ըստ հարկի ժամանակին ― əst harki žamanakin ― according to the wants of the age
- մեռցուք եթէ հարկ լիցի ― meṙcʻukʻ etʻē hark licʻi ― let us die if it must be!
Declension
Derived terms
Descendants
References
More information
- Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1977) “հար”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume III, Yerevan: University Press, pages 52–55, together with հարկանեմ (harkanem, “to beat”) derives from Proto-Indo-European
- Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1977) “հարկ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume III, Yerevan: University Press, page 60ab
- Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1837) “հարկ”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), volume II, Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, page 62bc
- Bailey, H. W. (1979) “harga-”, in Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University press, page 469a
- Burrow, Thomas (1935) “Iranian Words in the Kharoṣṭhi Documents from Chinese Turkestan—II”, in Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies, volume 7, number 4, page 788 of 779–790, based on a personal communication of Bailey
- Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 131–132
- Durkin-Meisterernst, Desmond (2004) A Dictionary of Manichaean Middle Persian and Parthian (Corpus Fontium Manichaeorum; 3.1), Turnhout: Brepols, page 364a
- Gippert J., Schulze W., Aleksidze Z., Mahé J.-P., editors (2009), The Caucasian Albanian Palimpsests of Mount Sinai (Monumenta Palaeographica Medii Aevi: Series Ibero-Caucasica; 2), volume 1, Turnhout: Brepols, →ISBN, page II-79
- J̌ahukyan, Geworg (1987) Hayocʻ lezvi patmutʻyun; naxagrayin žamanakašrǰan [History of the Armenian language: The Pre-Literary Period] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Academy Press, page 531
- J̌ahukyan, Geworg (2010) “հարկ”, in Vahan Sargsyan, editor, Hayeren stugabanakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Asoghik, page 452a, separates the various senses and derives հարկ (hark, “necessity; compulsion”) from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥-g-, from *per- (“to try, to dare, to risk; danger”), with cognates such as Old Armenian փորձ (pʻorj), Ancient Greek πεῖρα (peîra), Gothic 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌰 (fairina, “crimination”), Old Norse fár (“bale, harm”).
- MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “harg”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 43
- Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “հարկ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, pages 391–392