մաղթ

• մախթ (maxtʻ)

Usually considered a borrowing from Ancient Greek μάλθα (máltha, “mixture of wax and pitch used for caulking ships and on writing tablets”),^[1][2][3] even though the meanings do not match precisely. The Armenian is not a scholarly borrowing, but is alive in the Hamshen dialect as մախտ (maxt, “a certain tree resin”). Because of this and because the Greek is itself a loanword and has parallels in Eastern languages – Hebrew מֶלֶט (meleṭ), Classical Syriac ܡܠܴܛܳܐ (mlāṭā), Arabic مِلَاط (milāṭ, “mortar”) – we may be dealing with independent borrowings from an unidentified third source.

մաղթ • (maġtʻ)

1. the designation of various natural gums and resins, in particular the resin of Ferula galbaniflua (syn. gummosa, galbanum), Ferula assa-foetida (asafoetida), and the մարխ (marx) tree

   Hypernym: խէժ (xēž)

   Coordinate terms: անգուժատ (angužat), քաղբան (kʻaġban), խայծղան (xaycġan), բարգժատ (bargžat), չարհոտ (čʻarhot), ղասնի (ġasni), խասնի (xasni), հլթիս (hltʻis), կռէզ (kṙēz), լացուր (lacʻur), դեղ վիրի (deġ viri), կատրան (katran), ուպան (upan)

   • 17th century, Eremia Mełrecʻi, Baṙgirkʻ hayocʻ Խ.50:^[4]

     Խայտխան եւ ռետին· դեղ վիրի, կամ կատրան, կամ մաղթ։

     Xaytxan ew ṙetin· deġ viri, kam katran, kam maġtʻ.

   • 1478 – 1492, Amirdovlatʻ Amasiacʻi, Angitacʻ anpēt  :^[5]

     Մախթ· որ է խասնի․ հլթիս․ յիշած է։

     Maxtʻ· or ē xasni; hltʻis; yišac ē.

     Maxtʻ = Is the xasni; the hltʻis . It is recorded.

   • 1614 – 1622, Asar Sebastacʻi, Girkʻ bžškakan arhesti  :^[6]

     Մաղթ, որ է չարհոտն։

     Maġtʻ, or ē čʻarhotn.

• Armenian: մախտ (maxt)

• Ališan, Ġewond (1895) “մաղթ”, in Haybusak kam haykakan busabaṙutʻiwn [Armenian Botany] (in Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, § 1945, pages 412–413
• Asar Sebastacʻi (1993) Girkʻ bžškakan arhesti (XVI—XVII dd.) [Book of Medical Art (16–17th cc.)]‎, preparation of the text, preface and dictionary by D. M. Karapetyan, Yerevan: Academy Press, page 363
• Bedevian, Armenag K. (1936) “F. galbaniflua”, in Illustrated Polyglottic Dictionary of Plant Names‎, Cairo: Argus & Papazian Presses, § 1610a, page 275
• Ġazaryan, Ṙuben, Avetisyan, Henrik (2009) “մաղթ”, in Miǰin hayereni baṙaran [Dictionary of Middle Armenian] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, Yerevan: University Press, page 488a
• Norayr N. Biwzandacʻi (1880) Haykakan baṙakʻnnutʻiwn [Armenian Lexicology] (in Armenian), Constantinople: P. Kʻiriščean, pages 25–26
• Norayr N. Biwzandacʻi (2000) “մաղթ”, in Martiros Minassian, editor, Baṙagirkʻ storin hayerēni i matenagrutʻeancʻ ŽA–ŽĒ darucʻ [Dictionary of Middle Armenian Based on the Literature of 11–17th Centuries]‎, edited from the author's unfinished manuscript written 1884–1915, Geneva: Martiros Minassian, pages 482–483
• Scheftelowitz, J. (1905) “Zur altarmenischen lautgeschichte”, in Beiträge zur kunde der indogermanischen Sprachen (in German), volume 29, page 29

From Proto-Indo-European *meldʰ- (“to ask, pray, speak”). Cognate with Lithuanian maldýti (“to implore”), Proto-Slavic *modlìti (“to ask, pray”), Hittite 𒈠𒀀𒀠𒁲 (māldi, “to recite, make a vow”), Proto-West Germanic *melþōn (“to specify; to inform; to accuse”). Martirosyan explains the derivation as Proto-Armenian *maɫ(d)tʰi-, from Proto-Indo-European *ml̥dʰ-ti-, a *-ti-deverbative with a regular zero-grade of *meldʰ-.

մաղթ • (małtʻ)

1. prayer, supplication

• Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971–1979) “մաղթ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press
• Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “մաղթ”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
• Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 445
• Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “մաղթ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy