մշակ

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Armenian

Etymology

From Old Armenian մշակ (mšak).

Pronunciation

Noun

մշակ (mšak)

  1. tiller, farmer, cultivator
    Synonym: ռանչպար (ṙančʻpar)
  2. porter, bearer
  3. worker, laborer, hand

Declension

i-type, animate (Eastern Armenian)
singular plural
nominative մշակ (mšak) մշակներ (mšakner)
dative մշակի (mšaki) մշակների (mšakneri)
ablative մշակից (mšakicʻ) մշակներից (mšaknericʻ)
instrumental մշակով (mšakov) մշակներով (mšaknerov)
locative
definite forms
nominative մշակը/մշակն (mšakə/mšakn) մշակները/մշակներն (mšaknerə/mšaknern)
dative մշակին (mšakin) մշակներին (mšaknerin)
1st person possessive forms (my)
nominative մշակս (mšaks) մշակներս (mšakners)
dative մշակիս (mšakis) մշակներիս (mšakneris)
ablative մշակիցս (mšakicʻs) մշակներիցս (mšaknericʻs)
instrumental մշակովս (mšakovs) մշակներովս (mšaknerovs)
locative
2nd person possessive forms (your)
nominative մշակդ (mšakd) մշակներդ (mšaknerd)
dative մշակիդ (mšakid) մշակներիդ (mšaknerid)
ablative մշակիցդ (mšakicʻd) մշակներիցդ (mšaknericʻd)
instrumental մշակովդ (mšakovd) մշակներովդ (mšaknerovd)
locative

Old Armenian

Etymology

A Middle Iranian borrowing: compare Khotanese mäṣṣa- (field)[1][2][3] and Central Kurdish مووچە (mûçe, field). Also from Iranian: Old Georgian მუშაკი (mušaḳi), Aghwan 𐕌𐕒𐕡𐔽𐔰𐕄 (muˁaḳ, laborer, worker), Bats მუშაჸო̆ (mušaʾŏ, laborer).

Noun

մշակ (mšak)

  1. agricultural laborer
    • 5th century, Bible, 1 Timothy 5.18:
      Արժանի է մշակն վարձու իւրոյ։
      Aržani ē mšakn varju iwroy.
      The laborer deserves his wages.

Declension

i-a-type
singular plural
nominative մշակ (mšak) մշակք (mšakkʻ)
genitive մշակի (mšaki) մշակաց (mšakacʻ)
dative մշակի (mšaki) մշակաց (mšakacʻ)
accusative մշակ (mšak) մշակս (mšaks)
ablative մշակէ (mšakē) մշակաց (mšakacʻ)
instrumental մշակաւ (mšakaw) մշակաւք = մշակօք (mšakawkʻ = mšakōkʻ)
locative մշակի (mšaki) մշակս (mšaks)

Synonyms

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Armenian: մշակ (mšak)

References

  1. ^ Bailey, H. W. (1979) Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University press, pages 332–333
  2. ^ Olsen, Birgit Anette (1999) The noun in Biblical Armenian: origin and word-formation: with special emphasis on the Indo-European heritage (Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs; 119), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, pages 242–243
  3. ^ J̌ahukyan, Geworg (2010) “մշակ”, in Vahan Sargsyan, editor, Hayeren stugabanakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Asoghik, page 531ab

Further reading

  • Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1977) “մշակ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume III, Yerevan: University Press, page 335ab. Not knowing about the Khotanese word, Ačaṙean derived the Armenian from the Caucasian cognates.
  • Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1837) “մշակ”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), volume II, Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, pages 287–288
  • Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “մշակ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, page 481a