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Old Armenian
Etymology
The textual evidence and the etymology point to յուշկապարիկ (yuškaparik) being a donkey-like demon. Borrowed from an Iranian compound, whose first part means "ass, donkey" (compare rare Persian وشک (vošk, “donkey”), Khotanese (jūṣḍa-), Wakhi yukš (“wild goat, ibex”)), and the second part is the etymon of պարիկ (parik).
Noun
յուշկապարիկ • (yuškaparik)
- a kind of demon haunting ruins
5th century,
Bible,
Isaiah 13.22:
- Եւ յուշկապարիկք բնակեսցեն ի նմա, եւ ոզնիք ձագս հանցեն յապարանս նորա։
- Ew yuškaparikkʻ bnakescʻen i nma, ew oznikʻ jags hancʻen yaparans nora.
- Translation by Brenton Septuagint Translation
- and satyrs shall dwell there; and hedgehogs shall make their nests in their houses
5th century,
Eznik Kołbacʻi,
Ełc ałandocʻ 122:
- զյուշկապարկաց ասեն բնակել յաւերակսն, զոր յոյն լեզու իշացուլս ասէ։
- […] zyuškaparkacʻ asen bnakel yaweraksn, zor yoyn lezu išacʻuls asē.
- Translation by Blanchard & Young
- they say concerning the yuškaparik, which in the Greek language are called "išacʻul" , that they live in ruins.
- siren
5th century, with changes and additions in later centuries,
Baroyaxōs Earliest recension (
TR).16.2:
- Բարոյախաւսն ասաց զուշկապարկաց, էթէ մահաբերք են եւ ի ծովու են
- Baroyaxawsn asacʻ zuškaparkacʻ, ētʻē mahaberkʻ en ew i covu en
- Translation by Gohar Muradyan
- Physiologus says about the Sirens that they cause death and are in the sea.
Usage notes
- In the Bible, translates Ancient Greek ὀνοκένταυρος (onokéntauros).
- Eznik translates with իշացուլ (išacʻul).
- In the Physiologus, translates Ancient Greek Σειρήν (Seirḗn).
Declension
Descendants
See also
References
- ^ Angelus à S. Joseph (1684) “asino”, in Gazophylacium linguae Persarum, Amsterdam, page 33
- ^ Astuacašunčʻ matean Hin ew Nor ktakaranacʻ əst čšgrit tʻargmanutʻean naxneacʻ merocʻ hamematutʻeamb ebrayakan ew yunakan bnagracʻ [Bible. Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments], Constantinople: G. Paġtatlean, 1895, page 716a
- ^ Blanchard, Monica J., Young, Robin Darling (1998) A Treatise on God written in Armenian by Eznik of Kołb (floruit c.430-c.450). An English translation, with introduction and notes (Eastern Christian texts in translation), Leuven: Peeters, page 91
- ^ Muradyan, Gohar (2005) Physiologus: The Greek and Armenian Versions with a Study of Translation Technique (Hebrew University Armenian Studies; 6), Leuven – Paris – Dudley: Peeters, pages 113, 150
Further reading
- Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1977) “յուշկապարիկ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume III, Yerevan: University Press, page 410ab
- Asatrian, Garnik (2013) “Armenian Demonology: A Critical Overview”, in Iran and the Caucasus, volume 17, number 1, page 14 of 9–25
- Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “յուշկապարիկ”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
- Hübschmann, Heinrich (1897) Armenische Grammatik. 1. Theil: Armenische Etymologie (in German), Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, page 199
- Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “յուշկապարիկ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy