սմբուկ
Armenian
Etymology
Unattested in Old or Middle Armenian. Several dictionaries list սմբուկ (smbuk) as a dialectal word,[1][2][3][4] but Ačaṙyan is unable to identify it in any dialect.[5] However, the word is in fact recorded in Istanbul, Diyarbakır, Sivas, Palu and Çarsancak.[6][7] Note also Süveydiye dialect սմպըկ (smpək), սմբըկ (smbək) referring to a kind of edible greens equivalent to Turkish almacık dikeni.[8][9]
The origin is unknown.[10]
Ačaṙyan derives from Arabic أَنَب (anab, “eggplant”) + -ուկ (-uk), via a form *ամբուկ (*ambuk), wherein ա (a) was then confused with similar-looking ս (s).[5] But because the word is dialectal, such a literary confusion is unlikely.
Perhaps from an assumed root *սում(բ)- (*sum(b)-, “smooth; shaven”) or the like + -ուկ (-uk), thus "the smooth one", referring to the smooth, glossy surface of the eggplant fruit, which root may also be contained in dialectal սմբուլ (smbul, “polished, smooth”),[11] սմպատ (smpat, “having a smooth head”),[12] սմպըլիկ (smpəlik, “having a shaven head”),[13] սմբըլիկ (smbəlik, “leafless”),[14] սնուկ (snuk, “very smooth”),[15] սըն-եցնել (sən-ecʻnel, “to smooth, polish”)[16] and the uncertain given name Սմպուկս (Smpuks).[17] The -բ- (-b-) after -մ- (-m-) may be epenthetic in dialects: compare the examples given in Martirosyan 2010.[18] This assumed root may be borrowed from Iranian, ultimately from Proto-Iranian *saH- (“to whet, cut”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱeh₃- (“to sharpen”), whence Baluchi سای- (sāy-, “to shave”), Central Kurdish سوون (sûn, “to whet, sharpen”), Gazi (sǖn-, “to rub, shave off”), Persian ساد (sâd, “smooth, plane”), Sarikoli suδγ (“flat, smooth (surface)”), Persian سان (sân, “whetstone”), Central Kurdish ھەسان (hesan, “whetstone”), and according to Horn also Classical Persian سنباده (sumbāde, “whetstone”),[19] to which the Iranian borrowing սմպատակ (smpatak, “touchstone”) is related (J̌ahukyan considers -ատակ (-atak) in the latter an Iranian suffix, as in յիշատակ (yišatak)).[20] For the Iranian root see Cheung,[21] without the Armenian. Compare also Zazaki sımıltkun (“hairless, smooth”).[22]
Typologically compare Arabic كُوسَا (kūsā, “zucchini, courgette”, literally “smooth, beardless”). For another figurative usage in the dialects compare լոլիկ (lolik, “tomato”, literally “the round one”).
Pronunciation
- (Eastern Armenian) IPA(key): /səmˈbuk/,
- (Western Armenian) IPA(key): /səmˈpuɡ/,
Noun
սմբուկ • (smbuk)
Declension
| singular | plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | սմբուկ (smbuk) | սմբուկներ (smbukner) | ||
| dative | սմբուկի (smbuki) | սմբուկների (smbukneri) | ||
| ablative | սմբուկից (smbukicʻ) | սմբուկներից (smbuknericʻ) | ||
| instrumental | սմբուկով (smbukov) | սմբուկներով (smbuknerov) | ||
| locative | սմբուկում (smbukum) | սմբուկներում (smbuknerum) | ||
| definite forms | ||||
| nominative | սմբուկը/սմբուկն (smbukə/smbukn) | սմբուկները/սմբուկներն (smbuknerə/smbuknern) | ||
| dative | սմբուկին (smbukin) | սմբուկներին (smbuknerin) | ||
| 1st person possessive forms (my) | ||||
| nominative | սմբուկս (smbuks) | սմբուկներս (smbukners) | ||
| dative | սմբուկիս (smbukis) | սմբուկներիս (smbukneris) | ||
| ablative | սմբուկիցս (smbukicʻs) | սմբուկներիցս (smbuknericʻs) | ||
| instrumental | սմբուկովս (smbukovs) | սմբուկներովս (smbuknerovs) | ||
| locative | սմբուկումս (smbukums) | սմբուկներումս (smbuknerums) | ||
| 2nd person possessive forms (your) | ||||
| nominative | սմբուկդ (smbukd) | սմբուկներդ (smbuknerd) | ||
| dative | սմբուկիդ (smbukid) | սմբուկներիդ (smbuknerid) | ||
| ablative | սմբուկիցդ (smbukicʻd) | սմբուկներիցդ (smbuknericʻd) | ||
| instrumental | սմբուկովդ (smbukovd) | սմբուկներովդ (smbuknerovd) | ||
| locative | սմբուկումդ (smbukumd) | սմբուկներումդ (smbuknerumd) | ||
References
- ^ Palatecʻi, Gēorg Dpir (1829) “պաթինկեան”, in Baṙaran Parskerēn əst kargi haykakan aybubenicʻ [Persian Dictionary in the Order of the Armenian Alphabet] (in Armenian), Constantinople: Boghos Arabian Press, page 404a
- ^ Norayr N. Biwzandacʻi (1882–1884) “aubergine”, in Baṙagirkʻ i gałłierēn lezuē i hayerēn [Dictionnaire français-arménien], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian Press, page 107b
- ^ Ališan, Ġewond (1895) “սմբուկ”, in Haybusak kam haykakan busabaṙutʻiwn [Armenian Botany] (in Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, § 2776, page 571
- ^ Ayvazean, Tigran (1899) “սմբուկ”, in Baṙanmoyš [Sample of Words] (in Armenian), Constantinople: Y. Mattʻēosean Press, page 32a
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1979) “սմբուկ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume IV, Yerevan: University Press, page 234ab
- ^ Bdoyan, V. H. (1972) Erkragorcakan mšakuytʻə Hayastanum [The agriculture in Armenia] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Academy Press, page 118b
- ^ Sargsyan, Artem et al., editors (2008), “սմբուկ”, in Hayocʻ lezvi barbaṙayin baṙaran [Dialectal Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Armenian), volume V, Yerevan: Hayastan, page 367a
- ^ Andreasyan, Tigran (1975) Svediayi barbaṙə (kʻistʻinəgi lezun) [The Dialect of Svedia (the Christian language)] (Hayereni barbaṙner; 11) (in Armenian), Yerevan: Academy Press, page 158
- ^ Sargsyan, Artem et al., editors (2008), “սմպըկ”, in Hayocʻ lezvi barbaṙayin baṙaran [Dialectal Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Armenian), volume V, Yerevan: Hayastan, page 367b
- ^ J̌ahukyan, Geworg (2010) “սմբուկ”, in Vahan Sargsyan, editor, Hayeren stugabanakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Asoghik, page 685b
- ^ Sargsyan, Artem et al., editors (2008), “սմբուլ³”, in Hayocʻ lezvi barbaṙayin baṙaran [Dialectal Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Armenian), volume V, Yerevan: Hayastan, page 367a
- ^ Sargsyan, Artem et al., editors (2008), “սմպատ”, in Hayocʻ lezvi barbaṙayin baṙaran [Dialectal Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Armenian), volume V, Yerevan: Hayastan, page 367a
- ^ Sargsyan, Artem et al., editors (2008), “սմպըլիկ”, in Hayocʻ lezvi barbaṙayin baṙaran [Dialectal Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Armenian), volume V, Yerevan: Hayastan, page 367b
- ^ Sargsyan, Artem et al., editors (2008), “սմբըլիկ”, in Hayocʻ lezvi barbaṙayin baṙaran [Dialectal Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Armenian), volume V, Yerevan: Hayastan, page 366b
- ^ Sargsyan, Artem et al., editors (2008), “սնուկ”, in Hayocʻ lezvi barbaṙayin baṙaran [Dialectal Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Armenian), volume V, Yerevan: Hayastan, page 372a
- ^ Sargsyan, Artem et al., editors (2008), “սընեցնել”, in Hayocʻ lezvi barbaṙayin baṙaran [Dialectal Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Armenian), volume V, Yerevan: Hayastan, page 320a
- ^ Ačaṙyan, Hračʻya (1948) “Սմպուկս”, in Hayocʻ anjnanunneri baṙaran [Dictionary of Personal Names of Armenians] (Erewani petakan hamalsaran. Gitakan ašxatutʻyunner; 26) (in Armenian), volume IV, Yerevan: University Press, page 564
- ^ Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, pages 37, 437, 442
- ^ Horn, Paul (1893) Grundriss der neupersischen Etymologie (in German), Strasbourg: K.J. Trübner, page 153, footnote 1
- ^ Djahukian, G. B. (1993) “The Armenian Suffixes of Iranian Origin”, in Bela Brogyanyi and Reiner Lipp, editors, Comparative-historical linguistics: Indo-European and Finno-Ugric. Papers in honor of Oswald Szemerényi III (Current issues in linguistic theory; 79), Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins, page 262
- ^ Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 325—326
- ^ Yılmaz, Abdurrahman (2015) “sımıltkun”, in Zazaca-Türkçe Sözlük (Genç-Bingöl Yöresi) [Zazaki–Turkish Dictionary (Genç-Bingöl Region)], Master's thesis, Bingöl: Bingöl Üniversitesi, page 134b
- ^ Ġazaryan, Ṙuben (1981) “բադրիջան”, in Busanunneri hayeren-latineren-ṙuseren-angleren-franseren-germaneren baṙaran [Armenian–Latin–Russian–English–French–German Dictionary of Plant Names], Yerevan: University Press, § 125, page 15a