ցամաք

From Old Armenian ցամաք (cʻamakʻ).

• (Eastern Armenian) IPA^(key): /t͡sʰɑˈmɑkʰ/,
• (Western Armenian) IPA^(key): /t͡sɑˈmɑk/,

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ցամաք • (cʻamakʻ) (superlative ամենացամաք)

1. dry
2. (figuratively) lifeless

ցամաք • (cʻamakʻ)

1. earth, dry land (as opposed to water)

   ցամաքով գնալ ― cʻamakʻov gnal ― to go by land

• ցամաքային (cʻamakʻayin)

• Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1979) “ցամաք”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume IV, Yerevan: University Press, page 448

According to Martirosyan, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *dʰéǵʰōm (“earth”) via Pre-Armenian *dʰǵʰm̥m-eh₂-k-eh₂-.^[1] He does not accept the proposals which link the word with Sanskrit क्षाम (kṣāmá, “scorched, singed”), because they usually reconstruct initial Proto-Indo-European *ks-, which in Armenian probably yields չ- (čʻ-) (compare չոր (čʻor)).

Ačaṙyan rejects the Indo-European origin of the word altogether and considers ցամաք (cʻamakʻ) a Semitic borrowing, comparing Hebrew צמק (ṣmq, “to dry, shrivel”), Arabic صامق (ṣāmiq, “thirsty; hungry”).^[2] The Hebrew was first linked by Margoliouth.^[3] Compare also Aramaic (ṣmq, “to be dried up”).^[4] See also Middle Armenian սմքել (smkʻel, “to shrivel”).

ցամաք • (cʻamakʻ)

1. dry, arid

   ցամաք կղզի ― cʻamakʻ kłzi ― peninsula

   ցամաք երկիր ― cʻamakʻ erkir ― dry land

   հաց ցամաք ― hacʻ cʻamakʻ ― dry bread

   ցամաք փայտ ― cʻamakʻ pʻayt ― dry wood

   ցամաք աչօք ― cʻamakʻ ačʻōkʻ ― with tearless or dry eyes

ցամաք • (cʻamakʻ)

1. dryness

   զցամաք ծարաւոյն շիջուցանել ― zcʻamakʻ carawoyn šiǰucʻanel ― to quench or allay thirst

2. earth, dry land (as opposed to water)

   յածիլ ընդ ծով եւ ընդ ցամաք ― yacil ənd cov ew ənd cʻamakʻ ― to scour sea and land

   անցանել ընդ ցամաք ― ancʻanel ənd cʻamakʻ ― to pass dry-footed, dry-shod

   ելանել/իջանել ի ցամաք ― elanel/iǰanel i cʻamakʻ ― to land, to go ashore or on shore

   հասանել ի ցամաք ― hasanel i cʻamakʻ ― to reach the shore

   ցամաք երթալ, անցանել ― cʻamakʻ ertʻal, ancʻanel ― to travel by land

• Armenian: ցամաք (cʻamakʻ)

• Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “ցամաք”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
• Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “ցամաք”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
• Hübschmann, Heinrich (1897) Armenische Grammatik. 1. Theil: Armenische Etymologie (in German), Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, page 499
• Pokorny, Julius (1959) “k̂sā-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 624
• Olsen, Birgit Anette (1999) The noun in Biblical Armenian: origin and word-formation: with special emphasis on the Indo-European heritage (Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs; 119), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, page 71
• J̌ahukyan, Geworg (2010) “ցամաք”, in Vahan Sargsyan, editor, Hayeren stugabanakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Asoghik, page 741ab