שנה

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Hebrew

Etymology 1

Root
שׁ־נ־ה (sh-n-h)

From Proto-Semitic *šanat-.

Pronunciation

Noun

שָׁנָה • (shaná) f (dual indefinite שנתיים / שְׁנָתַיִם, plural indefinite שָׁנִים, singular construct שְׁנַת־, plural construct שְׁנוֹת־ or שְׁנֵי־)

  1. A year: the time period representing one revolution of the Earth around the Sun.
    אורכה של שנה הוא כשתים עשרה חודשים. ― orkáh shel shaná hu kishtém 'esré khodashím. ― The length of a year is twelve months.
    • Tanach, Genesis 14:4, with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:
      שְׁתֵּים עֶשְׂרֵה שָׁנָה עָבְדוּ אֶת־כְּדָרְלָעֹמֶר וּשְׁלֹשׁ־עֶשְׂרֵה שָׁנָה מָרָֽדוּ׃
      Twelve years they served Chedorlaomer, and in the thirteenth year they rebelled.
  2. (astronomy) A year: the corresponding time period for a different planet.
Declension
Derived terms
See also
References

Etymology 2

Root
שׁ־נ־ה (sh-n-h)

From the root שׁ־נ־ה (sh-n-h) related to Assyrian Neo-Aramaic ܬ ܢ ܐ (t n ˀ) and Arabic ث ن ي (ṯ n y) from Aramaic תְּנָא (tənā); cognate to Arabic ثَنَى (ṯanā) and Assyrian Neo-Aramaic ܬܢܐ (tnā).[1]

Verb

שָׁנָה • (shaná) (pa'al construction)

  1. To repeat: to do something an additional time.
Conjugation
Conjugation of שָׁנָה (see also Appendix:Hebrew verbs) 
non-finite forms
finite forms singular plural
m. f. m. f.
past first שָׁנִיתִי שָׁנִינוּ
second שָׁנִיתָ שָׁנִית שְׁנִיתֶם1 שְׁנִיתֶן1
third שָׁנָה שָׁנְתָה שָׁנוּ
present שׁוֹנֶה שׁוֹנָה שׁוֹנִים שׁוֹנוֹת
future first אֶשְׁנֶה נִשְׁנֶה
second תִּשְׁנֶה תִּשְׁנִי תִּשְׁנוּ תִּשְׁנֶינָה2
third יִשְׁנֶה תִּשְׁנֶה יִשְׁנוּ תִּשְׁנֶינָה2
imperative שְׁנֵה שְׁנִי שְׁנוּ שְׁנֶינָה2
notes
  1. Pronounced שָׁנִיתֶם and שָׁנִיתֶן in informal Modern Hebrew.
  2. Rare in Modern Hebrew.
Derived terms

Verb

שִׁנָּה • (shiná) (pi'el construction)

  1. defective spelling of שינה

Verb

שֻׁנָּה • (shuna) (pu'al construction)

  1. defective spelling of שונה

References

  1. ^ HFW Gesenius (1800) “H8138”, in SP Tregelles, transl., Gesenius's Hebrew and Chaldee Lexicon‎

Etymology 3

Noun

שֵׁנָה • (sheiná) f (plural indefinite שֵׁנוֹת, singular construct שְׁנַת־, plural construct שְׁנוֹת־)

  1. defective spelling of שינה.
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