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From the root ء ل ه(ʔ-l-h). Widely theorized to be a contraction of الٱِلٰه(al-ilāh, “God”), from الإلٰه(al-ʔilāh, “the deity”) with loss of initial hamza after the definite article ال(al-). Others suggest it is a variant spelling of the more ancient ألّٰه(allāh), the extra ل (l) serving as an emphatic marker to emphasize distinction, first attested in the Mecca and Taif region, and later in the Quran. Both proposed roots were current in pre-Islamic usage, particularly الإلٰه (al-ilāh) in Nabataeanmacaronic Arabic-Aramaic usage from which the singular use has presumably spread. Ultimately from Proto-Semitic*ʔil-. Cognate with Classical Syriacܐܰܠܳܗܳܐ(ʾalāhā), Assyrian Neo-Aramaicܐܲܠܵܗܵܐ(allāhā), Aramaicאֱלָהָא(ʾĕlāhā), Hebrewאֱלוֹהַּ(ʾelōah), and Old South Arabian𐩱𐩡𐩠(ʾlh).
When Jesus heard it, he said: This sickness is not unto death, but for the glory of God, that the Son of God might be glorified thereby.
Usage notes
In Islamic contexts, this word may alternatively be translated into English as Allah. Note, however, that the Arabic word is just as neutral and general as English God, and does not express any particularly Islamic notion at all. الله(allāh) is the word used by Christians, Jews, and other monotheists to describe the God of their own religions, and is cognate to the words used in Hebrew and Syriac. The Jewish sage Saadia Gaon even used الله(allāh) to translate the Tetragrammaton in his translation of the Torah.
Jeffery, Arthur (1938) “اَللّٰه”, in The Foreign Vocabulary of the Qurʾān (Gaekwad’s Oriental Series; 79), Baroda: Oriental Institute, page 66
Nehmé, Laïla (2017) “New dated inscriptions (Nabataean and pre-Islamic Arabic) from a site near al-Jawf, ancient Dūmah, Saudi Arabia”, in Arabian Epigraphic Notes, volume 3, pages 121–164
Wehr, Hans (1979) “ءله”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN
The pronunciation with the final long vowel is used as an interjection to something beautiful and exciting, while the pronunciation with the short vowel is used as an interjection to something shocking.