ب

See also: پ, ت, ث, and ٮ

ب	U+0628, ب ARABIC LETTER BEH

← ا

Arabic

ة →

ﺏ	U+FE8F, ﺏ ARABIC LETTER BEH ISOLATED FORM

← ﺎ

Arabic Presentation Forms-B

ﺐ →

ﺐ	U+FE90, ﺐ ARABIC LETTER BEH FINAL FORM

← ﺏ

Arabic Presentation Forms-B

ﺑ →

ﺑ	U+FE91, ﺑ ARABIC LETTER BEH INITIAL FORM

← ﺐ

Arabic Presentation Forms-B

ﺒ →

ﺒ	U+FE92, ﺒ ARABIC LETTER BEH MEDIAL FORM

← ﺑ

Arabic Presentation Forms-B

ﺓ →

Arabic

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

(letter name): IPA^(key): /baːʔ/
(phoneme): IPA^(key): /b/

Letter

ب / ب‍ / ‍ب‍ / ‍ب • (bāʔ)

The second letter of the Arabic alphabet. Its name is بَاء (bāʔ) and it has the sound of English b. It is preceded by أ (ʔ) and followed by ت (t).

Symbol

ب / ب‍ / ‍ب‍ / ‍ب • (bāʔ)

The second letter in traditional abjad order, which is used in place of numerals for list numbering (abjad numerals). It is preceded by أ (ʔ) and followed by ج (j).

Noun

ب • (b)

Abbreviation of باب (bāb, “chapter”).

Etymology 2

Ultimately Proto-Semitic *bV- (“with, in, at, among”) with likely interrelation with Proto-Semitic *bayt- (“site, location; nest, house”); cognates with Ugaritic 𐎁 (b), Aramaic ב־, Classical Syriac ܒ-, Hebrew בְּ־ (bə-), Ge'ez በ (bä) and Egyptian bw.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /bi/

Preposition

بِـ • (bi-)

denotes an instrument or tool, with, by (a means)
طَرَقْتُ الْمِسْمَارَ بِمِطْرَقَةٍ
ṭaraqtu l-mismāra bi-miṭraqatin
I hit the nail with a hammer

رَماهُم بِٱلْحِجَارَةِ
ramāhum bi-l-ḥijārati
He pelted them with stones.
denotes the agent of unaccusative forms
هُوَ يَتَقَوَّى بِهِ
huwa yataqawwā bihi
He is strengthened by it

Coordinate term: (post-Classical) بِوَاسِطَة (biwāsiṭa, denotes the agent of passive forms)
denotes accompaniment
Coordinate term: مَعَ (maʕa)
1. with (a component)
  قَهْوةٌ بِٱلْحَلِيبِ ― qahwatun bi-l-ḥalībi ― coffee with milk
2. with (a quality); in (a state)
  بِسُرُورٍ ― bi-surūrin ― with pleasure
  
  بِٱمْتِيازٍ ― bi-mtiyāzin ― with success and distinction
denotes proximity, with, to, next to, at (touching on, connected with, concerning)
مَرْبُوطٌ بِشَجَرَةٍ ― marbūṭun bi-šajaratin ― tied to a tree

لَا عَلاقةَ لَهُ بِٱلْمَوْضُوعِ ― lā ʕalāqata lahu bi-l-mawḍūʕi ― unrelated to the subject
denotes inclusion, surrounding, or location, within (a place); in; on; at
بِٱلْأَرْضِ ― bi-l-ʔarḍi ― on the earth/in or inside the ground

بِٱلقَرْيةِ ― bi-l-qaryati ― in the village

بِٱلْمَكْتَبَةِ ― bi-l-maktabati ― at the library

بِٱلْمَكْتَبِ ― bi-l-maktabi ― at the office/in the desk

Synonym: فِي (fī)
denotes requital, giving or doing in return; for
اِشْتَرَيْتُهُ بِأَلْفِ رِيَالٍ.
ištaraytuhu bi-ʔalfi riyālin.
I bought it for a thousand riyals.
marks the predicate of a negative copula
هُوَ لَيْسَ بِشَاهِدٍ وَلَا بِقَارِئٍ.
huwa laysa bi-šāhidin wa-lā bi-qāriʔin.
He is not one who witnessed or read .

Inflection

Inflected forms
Base form					بِـ (bi-)
Personal-pronoun- including forms	Singular		Dual	Plural
Personal-pronoun- including forms	Masculine	Feminine	Common	Masculine	Feminine
First person	بِي (bī)			بِنَا (binā)
Second person	بِكَ (bika)	بِكِ (biki)	بِكُمَا (bikumā)	بِكُمْ (bikum)	بِكُنَّ (bikunna)
Third person	بِهِ (bihi)	بِهَا (bihā)	بِهِمَا (bihimā)	بِهِمْ (bihim)	بِهِنَّ (bihinna)

Derived terms

بِمَا (bimā)
بِمَ (bima)
بِمَنْ (biman)

Balti

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /b/,

Letter

ب (transliteration needed)

The second letter of the Balti alphabet, written in the Perso-Arabic script

Burushaski

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /b/,

Letter

ب (transliteration needed)

The fourth letter of the Burushaski alphabet, written in the Perso-Arabic script

Central Kurdish

Letter

ب / ب‍ / ‍ب‍ / ‍ب (bā)

The second letter of the Kurdo-Arabic alphabet. Its name is با (ba) and it has the sound of English b. It is preceded by ا (a) and followed by پ (pi). Equivalent to b in the Kurdo-Latin alphabet.

Chinese

Pronunciation

(phoneme): IPA^(key): /p/,

Letter

ب

The second letter of the Xiao'erjing abjad.

Egyptian Arabic

Etymology

From the Ottoman Turkish convention.

Pronunciation

(letter name): IPA^(key): /be/
(phoneme): IPA^(key): /b/

Letter

ب • (be)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Gujarati

Pronunciation

(letter name) IPA^(key): /beː/
(phoneme) IPA^(key): /b/

Letter

ب • (be)

The second letter of the Gujarati abjad, equivalent to the Gujarati letter બ.

Forms

Isolated form	Final form	Medial form	Initial form
ب	ـب	ـبـ	بـ

Hijazi Arabic

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

(letter name): IPA^(key): /ˈbaːʔ/
(phoneme): IPA^(key): /b/

Letter

ب • (bāʔ)

The second letter of the Arabic alphabet. Its name is بَاء (bāʔ), and is preceded by أ (ʔalif) and followed by ت (tāʔ).

Forms

Isolated form	Final form	Medial form	Initial form
ب	ـب	ـبـ	بـ

Etymology 2

Probably from a shortened form of Arabic بَغْيْ (baḡy, “to want”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /bi/

Preposition

بِـ • (bi)

-ing (prefix indicating the present continuous tense)
بِيِتْكَلَّم
biyitkallam
he is speaking

Etymology 3

From Arabic بِ (bi).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /bi/

Preposition

بِـ • (bi)

with, by (a means)
بِالْمِطْرَقة
bi-l-miṭraga
with a mallet

Kashmiri

Pronunciation

(letter name): IPA^(key): /beː/
(phoneme): IPA^(key): /b/

Letter

ب • (b)

The second letter of the traditional alphabet chart of Kashmiri.

Forms

Isolated form	Final form	Medial form	Initial form
ب	ـب	ـبـ	بـ

Kazakh

Alternative scripts
Arabic	ب
Cyrillic	Б, б
Latin	B, b
Yañalif	B, ʙ

Pronunciation

(letter name): IPA^(key): /ba/
(phoneme): IPA^(key): /b/

Letter

ب • (b)

The second letter of the Kazakh in Arabic Script. It represents the Cyrillic letter Б.

Forms

Isolated form	Final form	Medial form	Initial form
ب	ـب	ـبـ	بـ

Khowar

Pronunciation

(letter name): IPA^(key): /be/
(phoneme): IPA^(key): /b/

Letter

ب (be)

The second letter of the Khowar abjad.

Forms

Isolated form	Final form	Medial form	Initial form
ب	ـب	ـبـ	بـ

Kyrgyz

Pronunciation

(letter name): IPA^(key): /be/
(phoneme): IPA^(key): /b/, /w/, /v/

Letter

ب • (be)

The second letter of the Kyrgyz in Arabic Script. It represents the Cyrillic letter Б

Forms

Isolated form	Final form	Medial form	Initial form
ب	ـب	ـبـ	بـ

Malay

Malay Wikipedia has an article on:

ب

Wikipedia ^ms

Pronunciation

(Name of letter) IPA^(key):
(Phoneme, Syllable initial) IPA^(key):
(Phoneme, Syllable final) IPA^(key):

Letter

ب / ب‍ / ‍ب‍ / ‍ب

The second letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Arabic script.

Northern Kurdish

Preposition

ب (bi)

Arabic spelling of bi (“by”)

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

From Arabic and Persian.

Letter

ب • (be)

The second letter of the Ottoman Turkish alphabet. Its name is با (ba, be).

Preposition

ب • (be or bi)

with
بخرد ― intelligent (literally, “with intelligence”)
at; in
to; into
for; because of

References

Kélékian, Diran (1911) “ب”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 229
Redhouse, James W. (1890) “ب”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 313

Pashto

Pronunciation

(letter name): IPA^(key): /be/
(phoneme): IPA^(key): /b/

Letter

ب • (be)

The second letter of the Pashto alphabet.

Forms

Isolated form	Final form	Medial form	Initial form
ب	ـب	ـبـ	بـ

Persian

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

(phoneme, all dialects) IPA^(key): /b/
- (Early Classical Persian, after a vowel) IPA^(key):
- (Early Classical Persian, between vowels) IPA^(key): ,
  - The phonemes /b/ and /w/ were not strongly distinguished inter-vocally until late Classical Persian.
(Letter name)
- (Classical, Dari) IPA^(key): /bɑː/, /beː/
- (Iran) IPA^(key): /bɒː/, /be/
  - audio (Iran) (file)
- (Tajik) IPA^(key): /bɔː/, /beː/

Letter

ب / ب‍ / ‍ب‍ / ‍ب • (be)

The second letter of the Perso-Arabic alphabet. It is preceded by and followed by . Its name is به (be) or بِ (be).

Etymology 2

From Middle Persian (bʾ /⁠bē⁠/, “out, away, forth”, also preverbal particle of unclear additional meanings), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰe.

In Classical Persian the prefix did not indicate the subjunctive, but had diverse and generally vague meanings depending on the context. The development into a subjunctive marker went hand in hand with the displacement of the simple present by the durative present in (mi-). Thereby be- became more and more associated with the subjunctive position and was ultimately grammaticalised in this function. The use of simple present for the subjunctive is now literary, while its use for the indicative is archaic/poetic.

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /bi-/, /bij-/

(Dari)
- IPA^(key): /bɪ-/
- IPA^(key): (before a syllable with the vowel /ʊ/) /bʊ-/
- IPA^(key): (before a vowel) /bij-/

(Iranian Persian)
- IPA^(key): (in general) /be-/
  - audio (file)
- IPA^(key): (before a syllable with vowel /o/) /bo-/
- IPA^(key): (before a vowel) /bij-/

(Tajik) IPA^(key): /bi-/, /bij/, /bu/

Prefix

ب‍ـ • (be-)

Marks the present subjunctive of most verbs.
― mi-xâm pânkrâs-et-o bo-xoram. ― I want to eat your pancreas.
- 2020, “ماکرون: لوکاشنکو باید برود [Macron: Lukashenko must go]”, in Euronews Persian‎:
  واضح است که لوکاشنکو باید برود.
  vâze ast ke lukâšenko bâyad be-ravad.
  It is clear that Lukashenko must go.
Marks the imperative of most verbs.
― in-râ be-bin. ― Look at this.

― râhat be-xâb. ― Sleep well.
(archaic) Adds an emphatic sense to a verb in the simple past.

Usage notes

Unlike the other verbal prefix (mi-), the negative prefix (na-) replaces (be-) rather than attaching to it:

(be-gu, “say!”) > (na-gu, “don't say!”)

The prefix is not used with most compound verbs whose verbal element is (kardan) or (šodan); in these cases, the imperative or subjunctive is marked by the bare present stem. In literary language, it may be also omitted for other verbs.

The verbs (budan, “to be”) and (dâštan, “to have”) are irregular: the imperative and subjunctive of the former uses the stem (bâš) without (be-), and the latter uses the past participle (dâšte) in conjunction with (budan), e.g. (dâšte bâš, “have!”)

References

^ Thomas Jügel (2013) “The Verbal Particle BE in Middle Persian”, in Münchener Studien zur Sprachwissenschaft‎, volume 67, number 1, pages 29—56

South Levantine Arabic

بـ/

Prepositions of location

Etymology

From Arabic بِ (bi).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /bi/,
Audio (Ramallah) (file)

Preposition

بـ • (bi-)

in, at, on
Synonym: في (fi)
with, by means of
Synonym: في (fi)

Particle

بـ • (b-)

prefix indicating the present tense

Tunisian Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic بِ (bi).

Preposition

ب (b)

with
نحب قهوة بالحليب ― nḥib qahwa b-li-ḥlīb ― I like coffee with milk

ترعش بالخوف ― turʕuš bi-l-ḵūf ― She is shaking with fear

Inflection

inflected forms of ب
Base form				ب (b)
Personal-pronoun- including forms	singular		plural
Personal-pronoun- including forms	m	f	plural
1^st person	بي (biyya)		بينا (bīna)
2^nd person	بيك (bīk)		بيكم (bīkum)
3^rd person	بيه (bīh)	بيها (bīha)	بيهم (bīhum)

Urdu

Pronunciation

(letter name): (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /beː/
(phoneme): (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /b/

Letter

ب • (be)

The second letter of the Urdu abjad.

Forms

Isolated form	Final form	Medial form	Initial form
ب	ـب	ـبـ	بـ

Uyghur

Pronunciation

(letter name): IPA^(key): /be/
(phoneme): IPA^(key): /b/

Letter

ب • (be)

The third letter of the Uyghur alphabet.

Forms

Isolated form	Final form	Medial form	Initial form
ب	ـب	ـبـ	بـ

Yoruba

Pronunciation

(letter name): IPA^(key): /bi/
(phoneme): IPA^(key): /b/

Letter

ب (b)

The second letter of the Yorùbá alphabet in the Ajami Script.

Forms

Isolated form	Final form	Medial form	Initial form
ب	ـب	ـبـ	بـ

Wikious

Boobota

Sagapedia