بد

Arabic

Etymology

Sense 6 is a semantic loan from Classical Persian بُت (but).

Noun

بُدّ • (budd) m (plural بِدَدَة (bidada) or أَبْدَاد (ʔabdād))

1. escape, means of avoiding something

   لَا بُدَّ مِن كَذَا

   lā budda min kaḏā

   there is no avoiding such a thing, such a thing is inevitable

2. flight
3. separation
4. part, portion
5. equivalent, substitute
7. idol

Declension

References

• Lane, Edward William (1863) “بد”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate
• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “بد”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen

Khalaj

Adjective

بَد (bəd)

1. Arabic spelling of bəd (“evil”)

North Levantine Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic بِوِدِّ (biwiddi).

Preposition

بد • (badd, bidd)

1. want to

   بدي شوفك كل يوم، يا حبيبي

   Baddi šūfak kill yōm, ya ḥabībi.

   I want to see you every day, my dear.

2. should; need

   شو بدنا نئللو؟

   Šu badna nʾil-lu?

   What should we tell him?

Usage notes

• The past is formed by adding كان (kēn), which originally would be left unchanged, but is now equally commonly conjugated. Thus: كان بدي شوفك (kēn baddi šūfak) or كنت بدي شوفك (kint baddi šūfak), both “I wanted to see you.”

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

From Persian بد (bad).

Adjective

بد • (bed)

1. bad

Pashto

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bəd/

• Audio

  (file)

Adjective

بد • (bəd)

1. bad

Declension

Adverb

بد • (bad)

1. badly

Persian

Etymology 1

From Middle Persian (SLYA) / (wt' /⁠wad⁠/, “bad, evil”), from Proto-Iranian *watah, with further origin uncertain. Akin to Old Armenian վատ (vat), an Iranian borrowing. Unrelated to English bad, despite phonetic and semantic similarity.

Pronunciation

• Audio

  (file)

Adjective

بَد • (bad) (comparative بَدتَر (bad-tar), superlative بَدتَرین (bad-tarin))

1. bad; not good
2. evil

Antonyms

• خوب (xub)

Adverb

بَد • (bad)

1. poorly, badly

Derived terms

• بدی (badi)

Descendants

• → Azerbaijani: bəd
• → Bengali: বদ (bod)
• → Hindi: बद (bad)
• → Khalaj: bəd
• → Punjabi:

  Gurmukhi script: ਬਦ (bad)

  Shahmukhi script: بد (bad)

References

• MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “wad”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 85
• Nourai, Ali (2011) An Etymological Dictionary of Persian, English and other Indo-European Languages, page 46

Etymology 2

From Middle Persian -pt' (-bed), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pátiš (compare Old Armenian պետ (pet), an Iranian borrowing), from Proto-Indo-European *pótis (“master”).

Noun

بد • (-bad, -bed, -bod)

1. lord, master

References

• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “بد”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul
• MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “-bed”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 18

South Levantine Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic بِوِدِّ (biwiddi).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bidd/,

Preposition

بدّ • (bidd-)

1. (false verb) to want

   Synonym: حبّ (ḥabb)

   بدّك قهوة؟

   biddak ʔahwe?

   Do you want some coffee?

   بدي أشوفك كل يوم يا حبيبي.

   biddi ʔašūfak kull yōm ya ḥabībi.

   I want to see you every day, my dear.

2. (false verb, by extension) to need

   Synonym: احتاج (iḥtāj)

   ابني مريض كتير وبدّه دوا ضروري.

   ibni marīḍ ktīr w biddo dawa ḍurūri.

   My son is very sick and needs medicine.

   (literally, “My son is very sick and wants medicine necessarily.”)

3. (auxiliary) will, going to

   Synonym: رح (raḥ)

   بدي أمرق لعنده بكرة.

   biddi ʔamroʔ la-ʕindo bukra.

   I'm going to go to his house tomorrow.

Usage notes

• Similar to terms like عند (ʕind, “to have”), the term بدّ (bidd) is "conjugated" with enclitic pronouns. Unlike عند (ʕind), however, بدّ (bidd) has no inherent meaning and can never be used entirely by itself.

Inflection

Urdu

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Classical Persian بد (bad). Unrelated to English bad.

Adjective

بد • (bad) (Hindi spelling बद)

1. bad
2. evil
3. wicked
4. inauspicious

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Sanskrit वृन्ध (vṛndha).

Noun

بد • (bad) m (Hindi spelling बद)

1. bubo