تفنك
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تفنك
See also: تفنگ
Ottoman Turkish
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Old Anatolian Turkish, a Turkic onomatopoeia, Karakhanid (tüwek) in Dīwān Luḡāt at-Turk meaning a blowpipe shooting pebbles against birds (imagined as sounding tüf!). Modern cognates include Azerbaijani tüfəng, Turkmen tüpeň and Nogai туьбек (tübek).
Pronunciation
Noun
تفنك • (tüfenk) (plural تفنكلر (tüfenkler))
- rifle, fusil, musket, arquebus, tophaike
- كوچك تفنك ― küçük tüfenk ― pistol
- آت تفنگی ― at tüfengi ― pistol
- آو تفنگی ― av tüfengi ― hunting-rifle
- طبنجه تفنگی ― tabanca tüfengi ― rifle with gunlock
- طالیان تفنگی ― dalyan tüfengi ― blunderbuss
- ششخانه ناملیلیو تفنك ― şeşhane namlılü tüfenk ― rifled rifle
- تفنك ناملیسی ― tüfenk namlısı ― rifle barrel
- تفنك قونداغی ― tüfenk kundağı ― rifle butt
- تفنك قبوری ― tüfenk kuburı ― pistol holster
- تفنك فندغی ― tüfenk funduğı ― bullet, dot
- تفنك گوله‌سی / نفنك گله‌سی ― tüfenk gülesi ― bullet, dot
- تفنگڭ فالیه‌سی ― tüfengün falyası ― flash pan; touch hole
- تفنك چبوغی ― tüfenk çubuğı ― gun-stick, rod for stuffing the gun with bullets
- تفنك بورغوسی ― tüfenk burğusı ― wad-hook, packing-worm, rod for extracting bullets from the gun
- تفنگی قورمق ― tüfengi kurmak ― to load the gun, to cock the rifle
- تفنگی طولدرمق ― tüfengi doldurmak ― to load the gun, to stuff the rifle
- تفنگی آتمق ― tüfengi atmak ― to launch the gun, to shoot the rifle
- تفنگی بوشتمق ― tüfengi boşatmak ― to launch the gun, to shoot the rifle, to discharge the musket
- تفنك آتیجی ― tüfenk atıcı ― musketeer, rifleman
Derived terms
- تفنكجی (tüfenkçı, “musketeer, rifleman; gunsmith”)
- تفنكلمك (tüfenklemek, “to gun down, to arquebus”)
Descendants
- Turkish: tüfek, tüfenk, tüvek (dialectal)
- → Arabic: تُفْكَة (tufka), تُفْگَه (tufga)
- → Armenian: թյուֆենկ (tʻyufenk), թյուֆենգ (tʻyufeng)
- → Middle Armenian: թուանկ (tʻuank), դֆանք (dfankʻ), թըւանկ (tʻəwank), թւանկ (tʻwank)
- Armenian: թվանք (tʻvankʻ), թվանգ (tʻvang), թիվանգ (tʻivang), թիվանք (tʻivankʻ), թրփանգ (tʻrpʻang), թֆակ (tʻfak) — dialectal, թֆանկ (tʻfank), թֆանք (tʻfankʻ), թուֆաք (tʻufakʻ), թուֆանկ (tʻufank), դֆաք (dfakʻ), թֆաք (tʻfakʻ), թըֆակ (tʻəfak), դուֆաք (dufakʻ) — obsolete, թուանք (tʻuankʻ) — traditional orthography
- → English: tophaike
- → Greek: τουφέκι (touféki), ντουφέκι (ntouféki)
- → Khowar: (tuvek)
- Kurdish:
- → Ladino: tufenk (“rifle”)
- → Laz: თუჶეღი (tufeği), თუჶჶეღი (tuffeği) — alternative spellings, ტუჶეღი (ťufeği) — Arkabi
- → Macedonian: туфка (tufka, “rifle”), туфек (tufek, “rifle shot”)
- → Persian: تفنگ (tofang), تفک (tofak)
- → Crimean Tatar: tüfek
- → Zazaki: tifang
Further reading
- Doerfer, Gerhard (1965) Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen [Turkic and Mongolian Elements in New Persian] (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission; 19) (in German), volume II, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, page 447
- Kélékian, Diran (1911) “تفنك”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, Constantinople: Mihran, page 387
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “تفنك”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum, Vienna, columns 1296–1298
- Redhouse, James W. (1890) “تفنك”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 573