جل

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See also: چل, خل, حل, ـجل, and ـجیل

Arabic

Etymology 1

Root
ج ل ل (j-l-l)

Compare Hebrew גַּל (gall).

Adjective

جَلّ (jall)

  1. great
  2. bulky
  3. outstanding
Declension

Noun

جُلّ (jullm

  1. (construct) the bulk (of), the majority (of); the lion's share
    Synonym: أَكْثَر (ʔakṯar)
    مَا لَا يُدْرَكُ كُلُّهُ، لَا يُتْرَكُ جُلُّهُ.
    mā lā yudraku kulluhu, lā yutraku julluhu.
    What is not wholly achieved is not to be largely abandoned.
    • 20th century, مُصْطَفَى صادِق الرافِعي, جل الناسِ أعداءُ :
      جل الناسِ أعداءُ على السرَّاءِ والضَّرَّا
      فلا يغرُرْكَ مبتسمٌ وإن أبدى لكَ البشرا
      ففي الصدر حزازاتٌ تكادُ تمزقُ الصدرا
      ولو كادوا النجومَ هوتْ من الخضراءِ للغبرا
      وما الدنيا إذا فكر تَ غير جهنمَ الصُّغرى
      ألستَ ترى بها أمماً وكلٌّ تلعنُ الأخرى
      لقد جرَّبْتُ جُلَّهُمُ فلمْ أر فيهمُ خيرا
      Most men are rabid foes, / Be they in joy or woe!
      Do not be fooled by smiles, / Even if seeming kind:
      In their breasts is hateful fury, / almost tearing their hearts apart!
      If men could plot against the stars, / The stars would fall into the mire.
      Life, if you reflect, / Is but a "lesser Hell":
      Do you not see in it many nations? / And each of them execrates the other!
      I have appraised most sorts and kinds, / And in all, I saw no goodness!
Declension

Verb

جَلَّ (jalla) I, non-past يَجِلُّ‎ (yajillu)

  1. to be illustrious
  2. to be beyond or above
  3. to be exalted or dignified
  4. to grow old
Conjugation

Etymology 2

From Classical Persian گل (gul).

Noun

جُلّ (jullm

  1. (uncommon) jasmine, rose
Declension

Etymology 3

Borrowed from Iranian. Compare Central Kurdish جِل (cil, beggar’s clothes), Persian جل (joll, horse-covering, saddle-cloth), Balti (jol, horse cover), Yagnobi (jul, horse-cloth), Gurani (jal, jul, cover, cloth). Doublet of شَلَّاق (šallāq), جُوَالَق (juwālaq), and جُوَال (juwāl).

Noun

جُلّ (jullm (plural أَجْلَال (ʔajlāl) or جِلَال (jilāl)) (regional)

  1. horse-covering, saddlecloth
    • a. 869, الْجَاحِظ [al-jāḥiẓ], “باب ما يُجلب من البلدان من طرائف السلع والأمتعة والجواري والأحجار وغير ذلك [What one imports from strange countries in items, commodities, she-slaves, stones and else.]”, in التَبَصُّر بِٱلتِّجَارَة [at-tabaṣṣur bi-t-tijāra]‎:
      ومن السوس: الأُتْرُجُّ ودُهن البنفسج والشاه سبرم والجِلال والبراذع.
      From Sūs one gets citrons, violet-oil, basil, and horse-covers and pack-saddles.
    • 1355, اِبْن بَطُّوطَة [ibn baṭṭūṭa, Ibn Baṭṭūṭa], edited by Charles Defrémery & Beniamino Sanguinetti, تُحْفَةُ ٱلنُّظَّارِ فِي غَرَائِبِ ٱلْأَمْصَارِ وَعَجَائِبِ ٱلْأَسْفَارِ [tuḥfatu n-nuẓẓāri fī ḡarāʔibi l-ʔamṣāri waʕajāʔibi l-ʔasfāri]‎, volume II, Paris: L'imprimerie impériale/nationale, published 1854, page 35, line 2 a fine:
      وقد لبسوا التلاليس وجِلال الدوابّ وجعلوا فوق رءوسهم التراب والتبن.
      They were clothed in sacks and pelts of domestic beasts and had their heads covered with earth and straw.
Declension

References

  • Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, pages 103–104
  • Rossi, Adriano Valerio (2011) “Ossetic and Balochi in V.I. Abaev’s SLOVAR'”, in Nartamongæ. The Journal of Alano-Ossetic Studies, volume 8, pages 251–255 (from 236)

Persian

Etymology

Perhaps cognate to Sanskrit चोल (cola). Borrowed as Arabic جُلّ (jull)

Noun

جل (joll)

  1. horse-covering, saddlecloth
  2. veil (hung before a sanctuary)

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Ottoman Turkish: چول (çul) (see there for further descendants)

References

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit जल (jala).

Pronunciation

Noun

جَل (jalm (Hindi spelling जल)

  1. water
    Synonym: پانی (pānī)
    • ناصر شہزاد (Nāsir Śahzād) :
      جل میں ٹھہرا ترا مرا چہرا
      کیسا دریا تھا وہ سبھا کیسی
      jal mẽ ṭhahrā tirā mirā cehrā
      kaisā dariyā thā voh sabhā kaisī

References

  • جل”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
  • جل”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary , Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.