جلهم

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Arabic

Etymology

From Middle Persian, equivalent to the well-known Ottoman Turkish جهری (cehri, “buckthorn, shrub of yellowberry”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /d͡ʒal.ham/, /d͡ʒul.hum/

Noun

جَلْهَم or جُلْهُم • (jalham or julhum) m

  1. (obsolete) buckthorn or certain species thereof, yellowberry, Persian berry (Rhamnus infectoria, Rhamnus amygdalina, Rhamnus lycioides subsp. oleoides)
    • a. 1050, مروان بن جناح , edited by Gerrit Bos, Fabian Käs, كتاب التلخيص [On the Nomenclature of Medicinal Drugs], Leiden: Brill, published 2020, →DOI, →ISBN, 186 (fol. 18r,15), page 374:
      الجلهم هو العوسج الأسود منه.
      Jalham is boxthorn, in the same author .
    • a. 1248, ابن البيطار [Ibn al-Bayṭār], الجامع لمفردات الأدوية والأغذية [De simplicibus medicinis opus magnum]:
      جلهم: قيل: هو العوسج الأسود أسود العود والثمرة وورقه شبيه بورق الآس الجبلي، وله زهرة صغيرة تضرب إلى الصفرة
      Jalham: It is said to be black boxthorn, of black wood, and the fruit and its leaves similar to the mountain myrtle, and it has small blossoms of a colour tending towards yellow.

Declension

Declension of noun جَلْهَم (jalham)‎; جُلْهُم (julhum)
Singular basic singular triptote
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal جَلْهَم‎; جُلْهُم
jalham‎; julhum 		الْجَلْهَم‎; الْجُلْهُم
al-jalham‎; al-julhum 		جَلْهَم‎; جُلْهُم
jalham‎; julhum
Nominative جَلْهَمٌ‎; جُلْهُمٌ
jalhamun‎; julhumun 		الْجَلْهَمُ‎; الْجُلْهُمُ
al-jalhamu‎; al-julhumu 		جَلْهَمُ‎; جُلْهُمُ
jalhamu‎; julhumu
Accusative جَلْهَمًا‎; جُلْهُمًا
jalhaman‎; julhuman 		الْجَلْهَمَ‎; الْجُلْهُمَ
al-jalhama‎; al-julhuma 		جَلْهَمَ‎; جُلْهُمَ
jalhama‎; julhuma
Genitive جَلْهَمٍ‎; جُلْهُمٍ
jalhamin‎; julhumin 		الْجَلْهَمِ‎; الْجُلْهُمِ
al-jalhami‎; al-julhumi 		جَلْهَمِ‎; جُلْهُمِ
jalhami‎; julhumi

Further reading

  • “Persian berries”, in CAMEO: Conservation & Art Materials Encyclopedia Online‎, 2013
  • “Buckthorn berries”, in CAMEO: Conservation & Art Materials Encyclopedia Online‎, 2013
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