جو

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See also: چو, خو, Appendix:Variations of "gu", and Appendix:Variations of "jo"

Arabic

Pronunciation

Noun

جَوّ • (jaww) m (dual جَوَّانِ (jawwāni), plural أَجْوَاء (ʔajwāʔ) or جِوَاء (jiwāʔ))

  1. air (the apparently open space above the ground)
    Coordinate terms: بَحْر (baḥr), بَرّ (barr)
  2. weather
  3. atmosphere
  4. (figurative) atmosphere (apparent mood)
  5. wide valley
  6. open pasture-ground
  7. interior of a house
    Antonym: بَرّ (barr)
  8. hall

Declension

Declension of noun جَوّ (jaww)
Singular basic singular triptote
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal جَوّ
jaww 		الْجَوّ
al-jaww 		جَوّ
jaww
Nominative جَوٌّ
jawwun 		الْجَوُّ
al-jawwu 		جَوُّ
jawwu
Accusative جَوًّا
jawwan 		الْجَوَّ
al-jawwa 		جَوَّ
jawwa
Genitive جَوٍّ
jawwin 		الْجَوِّ
al-jawwi 		جَوِّ
jawwi
Dual Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal جَوَّيْن
jawwayn 		الْجَوَّيْن
al-jawwayn 		جَوَّيْ
jawway
Nominative جَوَّانِ
jawwāni 		الْجَوَّانِ
al-jawwāni 		جَوَّا
jawwā
Accusative جَوَّيْنِ
jawwayni 		الْجَوَّيْنِ
al-jawwayni 		جَوَّيْ
jawway
Genitive جَوَّيْنِ
jawwayni 		الْجَوَّيْنِ
al-jawwayni 		جَوَّيْ
jawway
Plural basic broken plural triptote
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal أَجْوَاء‎; جِوَاء
ʔajwāʔ‎; jiwāʔ 		الْأَجْوَاء‎; الْجِوَاء
al-ʔajwāʔ‎; al-jiwāʔ 		أَجْوَاء‎; جِوَاء
ʔajwāʔ‎; jiwāʔ
Nominative أَجْوَاءٌ‎; جِوَاءٌ
ʔajwāʔun‎; jiwāʔun 		الْأَجْوَاءُ‎; الْجِوَاءُ
al-ʔajwāʔu‎; al-jiwāʔu 		أَجْوَاءُ‎; جِوَاءُ
ʔajwāʔu‎; jiwāʔu
Accusative أَجْوَاءً‎; جِوَاءً
ʔajwāʔan‎; jiwāʔan 		الْأَجْوَاءَ‎; الْجِوَاءَ
al-ʔajwāʔa‎; al-jiwāʔa 		أَجْوَاءَ‎; جِوَاءَ
ʔajwāʔa‎; jiwāʔa
Genitive أَجْوَاءٍ‎; جِوَاءٍ
ʔajwāʔin‎; jiwāʔin 		الْأَجْوَاءِ‎; الْجِوَاءِ
al-ʔajwāʔi‎; al-jiwāʔi 		أَجْوَاءِ‎; جِوَاءِ
ʔajwāʔi‎; jiwāʔi

Derived terms

References

Baluchi

Noun

جو • (joho)

  1. barley

Persian

Etymology 1

From Middle Persian (Šᵍ /⁠jaw⁠/), from Old Persian *yáwaʰ, from Proto-Iranian *yáwah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *yáwas.

Pronunciation

 

Readings
Classical reading? jaw
Dari reading? jaw
Iranian reading? jow
Tajik reading? jav

Noun

Dari جو
Iranian Persian
Tajik ҷав

جو • (jow)

  1. barley
  2. grain

Etymology 2

From Middle Persian (joi) or Middle Persian (yoi), from Old Persian (yauviya). Cognate with Northern Kurdish co and Sanskrit यव्या (yavyā).

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

 

Readings
Classical reading? jō
Dari reading? jō
Iranian reading? ju
Tajik reading? jü

Noun

Dari جو, جوی
Iranian Persian
Tajik ҷӯ, ҷӯй

جو • (ju)

  1. stream
  2. brook
  3. irrigation channel

Etymology 3

From Arabic جَوّ (jaww, “weather, environment”).

Pronunciation

 

Readings
Classical reading? jaww
Dari reading? jaww
Iranian reading? javv
Tajik reading? javv

Noun

جو • (javv)

  1. air
  2. sky
  3. atmosphere

Etymology 4

Pronunciation

 

Readings
Classical reading? jō, jū
Dari reading? jō, jū
Iranian reading? ju
Tajik reading? jü, ju

Verb

جو • (ju)

  1. present stem form of جستن (jostan), suffixed form indicating "seeker"/"seeking"
Derived terms

Sindhi

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

Preposition

جو • (jo) (Devanagari जो)

  1. of; genitive case marker

References

  • Parmanand, Mewaram (1910) “جو”, in Sindhi-English Dictionary, Hyderabad, Sindh: The Sind Juvenile Co-operative Society
  • Khānu, Balocu (1960–1988) “جو”, in Jāmiʻ Sindhī lughāta (in Sindhi), Hyderabad, Sindh: Sindhī Adabī Borḍ

South Levantine Arabic

Root
ج و و
2 terms

Etymology

From Arabic جَوّ (jaww).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ʒaww/,
  • Audio (Ramallah):(file)

Noun

جوّ • (jaww) m (plural أجواء (ʔajwāʔ))

  1. air
    Synonym: هوا (hawa)
  2. atmosphere
  3. weather
    Synonym: طقس (ṭaʔs)

Ternate

Pronunciation

Noun

جو (Rumi joo)

  1. a shortening of جوو (“joou”)

References

  • Frederik Sigismund Alexander de Clercq (1890) Bijdragen tot de kennis der Residentie Ternate, E.J. Brill

Urdu

Etymology

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀚𑁄 (jo), from Sanskrit यः (yáḥ), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hyás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hyás, from Proto-Indo-European *Hyós.[1]

Pronunciation

Noun

جو • (jo) m or f by sense (Hindi spelling जो)

  1. the relative pronoun:
    1. who; whoever
    2. whichever
    3. whatever

Declension

declension of جو
direct جو (jo)
indirect جس (jis)
ergative جس نے (jis-ne)
genitive جس کا (jis kā)
dative جسے (jise), جس کو (jis ko)


References

  1. ^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “yá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 601

Further reading

  • “جو”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
  • “جو”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary , Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
  • Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “جو”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
  • Platts, John T. (1884) “جو”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
  • John Shakespear (1834) “جو”, in A dictionary, Hindustani and English: with a copious index, fitting the work to serve, also, as a dictionary of English and Hindustani, 3rd edition, London: J.L. Cox and Son, →OCLC
  • S. W. Fallon (1879) “جو”, in A New Hindustani-English Dictionary, Banaras, London: Trubner and Co.
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