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From the root ح ب ق(ḥ-b-q) meaning “to break wind or pass gas”, “to change the smell of air”; originally applied to a wide range of odorous herbs, so called for the aroma released when rubbing such plants. See رَيْحَان(rayḥān, “basil”) for similar semantic development. Cognates with Classical Syriacܚܘܟܐ(ḥawkā, “basil”) which has been borrowed as حَوْك(ḥawk); although the ending of the form حَبَاقَى(ḥabāqā), حَبَاقَا(ḥabāqā), which was used in the sense of “sweet clover (Melilotus); horned trefoil (Trigonella corniculata)” in 9th century Iraq,[1][2] may point to a loan from Aramaic, of which the Syriac and Arabic would be the only, late remnants.
Freytag, Georg (1830) “حبق”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 336
Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “حبق”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc (in French), volume 1, Paris: Maisonneuve et Cie, page 369
^ In Ibn al-BayṭārCompendium with taṣḥīf mentioned as an Iraqi word: حيافي: هو الحندقوقة بلغة أهل العراق وسيأتي; then حندقوقي بري: هو الذرق والحباقي; an actual employment of حباقا is in ʾAbū Ḥanīfa Dīnawarī’s Book of Plants, whence it was only copied, as a foreign word, in مروان بن جناح (a.1050) Gerrit Bos, Fabian Käs, editors, كتاب التلخيص [On the Nomenclature of Medicinal Drugs] (in Arabic), Leiden: Brill, published 2020, →DOI, →ISBN, 389 (fol. 35r, 15–16), page 559, while 341 (fol. 32r, 13–16), page 520 from Ḥunayn ibn ʾIsḥāq’s Kunnāš as a Ḥīrīy designation.
^ But all registers of Andalusian Arabic used حَبَق(ḥabaq) for “basil”, حَبَاقَى(ḥabāqā), حَبَاقَا(ḥabāqā) for this meaning is counterindicated by the Andalusi Arabic attestation, nor can one, like Joan Coromines, José A. Pascual (1984) “albahaca”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico (in Spanish), volumes I (A–Ca), Madrid: Gredos, →ISBN, page 112 uninformedly does, explain the stresses of the Romance borrowings by an analogy with other Arabic borrowings like Spanishalmazara, at best one may do this for the apparent singulative ending, for Classical Arabic and hence Maghrebi dialects always had oxytone stress in words containing no long syllable before the last, as has been made clear by Blau, Joshua (1972) “Middle and Old Arabic Material for the History of Stress in Arabic”, in Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, volume 35, number 3, pages 476–484.
