حجل

The absence of farther cognates suggests a borrowing of the name for the bird from Classical Syriac ܚܰܓܠܴܐ (ḥaḡlā), ܚܰܓܠܬܴܐ (ḥaḡəlṯā, “partridge”), also appearing early, although by itself the term is unsuspicious and cognacy cannot be excluded. Although there is a potential semantic connection to the verb “to hop”, this would require a synonymous verb to exist in a common ancestor of Arabic and Syriac as the latter is, owing to its age, unlikely to be a borrowing from Arabic, so if the words are related, the verb would have to be denominal. In that case, the word for an anklet could also be denominal, naming a thing on the part of the body used to hop; however there is also a connection to ح ج ر (ḥ j r) and its Semitic matches related to detaining and Aramaic חֲגַל (ḥăḡal) / ܚܓܰܠ (ḥgal, “to draw a circle about, to gird”), possibly the source verb of the name of the partridge due to its going around or due to its bulbous body depending on the species, Ge'ez ሐገለ (ḥägälä, “to tie, to bind”), also Ge'ez ሐግል (ḥägl, “shackle, fetter”), and the surrounding meaning is again found for the root ḥ-g-l in Old South Arabian and Soqotri, which implies together with the consideration of workmanship lacking in the Najd that instead, the word for an anklet or shackle was borrowed into Arabic from a more southern Semitic language, from which the word for hopping was then derived, whereas the word for the partridge is to be seen as borrowed from Aramaic to account for its etymology.

حَجَل • (ḥajal) m (collective, singulative حَجَلَة f (ḥajala), plural حِجْلَان (ḥijlān) or حِجْلَى (ḥijlā))

1. partridge

• Maltese: ħaġel
• → Tigre: ሓገል (ḥagäl)

حَجَلَ • (ḥajala) I (non-past يَحْجُلُ (yaḥjulu) or يَحْجِلُ (yaḥjilu), verbal noun حَجْل (ḥajl) or حَجَلَان (ḥajalān))

1. to hop, to take leaps, to walk as if with the legs shackled

حَجَّلَ • (ḥajjala) II (non-past يُحَجِّلُ (yuḥajjilu), verbal noun تَحْجِيل (taḥjīl))

1. to bedeck with anklets or shackles
2. to bring to the curtained canopy حَجَلَة (ḥajala)

حَجْل • (ḥajl) m

1. verbal noun of حَجَلَ (ḥajala) (form I)

• حَجْلَة (ḥajla, “one hop”)

حِجْل or حَجْل • (ḥijl or ḥajl) m (plural حُجُول (ḥujūl) or أَحْجَال (ʔaḥjāl))

1. an anklet as well as a shackle

• حَجَلَة (ḥajala, “curtained canopy of a mistress”)

• →? Mehri: hâǧil (“anklet”)
• →? Shehri: ḥagəl (“anklet”)
• →? Soqotri: ḥágal (“anklet”)
• → Tigre: ሐግል (ḥägl, “anklet”)

• “حجل” in Almaany
• “ḥgl”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• Corriente, Federico, Pereira, Christophe, Vicente, Angeles, editors (2017), Dictionnaire du faisceau dialectal arabe andalou. Perspectives phraséologiques et étymologiques (in French), Berlin: De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 317
• Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “حجل”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes‎ (in French), volume 1, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 254a
• Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 56, considering the anklet-word native
• Freytag, Georg (1830) “حجل”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, pages 347b–348b
• Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “حجل”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎ (in French), volume 1, Paris: Maisonneuve et C^ie, pages 83–84
• Lane, Edward William (1863) “حجل”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate, pages 520–521
• Leslau, Wolf (1991) “ሐገለ”, in Comparative Dictionary of Geʿez (Classical Ethiopic), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 228
• Leslau, Wolf (1938) Lexique Soqotri (sudarabique moderne) avec comparaisons et explications étymologiques (in French), Wiesbaden: Libraire C. Klincksieck, page 162
• Militarev, Alexander, Kogan, Leonid (2005) “No. 97 *ḥagal”, in Semitic Etymological Dictionary, volume II: Animal Names, Münster: Ugarit-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 136–137
• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “حجل”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen, page 265
• Wehr, Hans (1979) “حجل”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 186b
• Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “حجل”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎ (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, pages 231–232