خرد

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Ottoman Turkish

Etymology 1

From Persian خرد (xord).

Adjective

خرد • (hurd)

  1. little, small
  2. petty, insignificant

Etymology 2

From Persian خرد (xerad).

Noun

خرد • (hıred)

  1. wisdom, intellect, sense, judgment, understanding

Persian

Etymology 1

From Middle Persian (hwlt' /⁠xwurd⁠/, “little”), perhaps originally the past participle of (hwltn' /⁠xwardan⁠/, “to eat”); for the semantic development, compare the derivation of Proto-West Germanic *biti (“bit”) from *bītan (“to bite”).[1] Compare Talysh هرد (hərd), Northern Luri هیرد (hird); see خوردن (xordan) for more on the root.

Pronunciation

 
 

Readings
Classical reading? xurd
Dari reading? xurd
Iranian reading? xord
Tajik reading? xurd

Adjective

Dari خرد
Iranian Persian
Tajik хурд

خرد • (xord) (comparative خردتَر (xord-tar), superlative خردتَرین (xord-tarin))

  1. (normal in Dari, archaic in Iran) little, small (in physical size)
    Synonym: کوچک (kuček)
    Antonyms: کلان (kalân), بزرگ (bozorg)
  2. (figurative) small, micro-
    اقتصاد خرد ― eqtesâd-e xord ― micro-economics
  3. insignificant, trifling (mainly used of money)
    پول خورد (colloquial Iranian) ― pul-e xurd ― small change
Usage notes
  • Nowadays, this word is generally used for actual physical size only in Afghanistan.
Alternative forms
Derived terms
Descendants
  • → Ottoman Turkish: خرد (hurd)
  • → Urdu: خرد (xurd)

Etymology 2

    Etymology tree
    Proto-Indo-European *kret-
    Proto-Indo-European *-us
    Proto-Indo-Iranian *krátuš
    Persian خِرَد

    Inherited from Middle Persian (hlt /⁠xrat, xrad⁠/, “wisdom, understanding, intelligence”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *krátuš (“intelligence, mental power”), from Proto-Indo-European *krét-us. Akin to Old Armenian խրատ (xrat), an Iranian borrowing.

    Pronunciation

     

    Readings
    Classical reading? xiraḏ
    Dari reading? xirad
    Iranian reading? xerad
    Tajik reading? xirad

    Noun

    Dari خرد
    Iranian Persian
    Tajik хирад

    خرد • (xerad)

    1. wisdom, intellect, judgment, understanding
    Derived terms
    Descendants
    • → Ottoman Turkish: خرد (hıred)

    References

    1. ^ Jost Gippert (2009) “An Etymological Trifle”, in Werner Sundermann, Almut Hintze, François de Blois, editors, Exegisti monumenta: Festschrift in Honour of Nicholas Sims-Williams‎, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, →ISBN, pages 137-138

    Urdu

    Etymology 1

    From Classical Persian خرد (xirad, “wisdom, intellect”).

    Pronunciation

    Noun

    خرد • (xirad) ?

    1. wisdom, intellect; judgement
    2. reason, understanding

    Etymology 2

    Borrowed from Classical Persian خرد (xurd).

    Pronunciation

    Adjective

    خُرْد • (xurd) (Hindi spelling ख़ुर्द)

    1. little, small; minute
    2. young

    References

    • “خرد”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
    • Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “خرد”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
    • Platts, John T. (1884) “خرد”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
    • “خرد”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary , Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
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