خرشوف

Arabic

خرشوف on Arabic Wikipedia

Alternative forms

خُرْشُف (ḵuršuf) — basilectal

Etymology

Connections to Akkadian 𒅈𒋢𒌒𒁍 (arsuppu, “a type of cereal with a braid appearance; an unidentified type of apple or produce”, literally “carp fish, scales”), so applied from the appearance of its head.

Or, perhaps from Middle Persian *xār-čōp (literally “thorn stick”), from (hʾl /⁠xār⁠/, “thorn”) + (cwp /⁠čōb, čōp⁠/) equalling modern Persian (xâr)) + (čôb), (čôp, “stick”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /xar.ʃuːf/, /xur.ʃuːf/

Noun

خُرْشُوف • (ḵuršūf) m (plural خَرَاشِيف (ḵarāšīf))

artichoke

Declension

Declension of noun خُرْشُوف (ḵuršūf)

Singular	basic singular triptote
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	خُرْشُوف ḵuršūf	الْخُرْشُوف al-ḵuršūf	خُرْشُوف ḵuršūf
Nominative	خُرْشُوفٌ ḵuršūfun	الْخُرْشُوفُ al-ḵuršūfu	خُرْشُوفُ ḵuršūfu
Accusative	خُرْشُوفًا ḵuršūfan	الْخُرْشُوفَ al-ḵuršūfa	خُرْشُوفَ ḵuršūfa
Genitive	خُرْشُوفٍ ḵuršūfin	الْخُرْشُوفِ al-ḵuršūfi	خُرْشُوفِ ḵuršūfi
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	خُرْشُوفَيْن ḵuršūfayn	الْخُرْشُوفَيْن al-ḵuršūfayn	خُرْشُوفَيْ ḵuršūfay
Nominative	خُرْشُوفَانِ ḵuršūfāni	الْخُرْشُوفَانِ al-ḵuršūfāni	خُرْشُوفَا ḵuršūfā
Accusative	خُرْشُوفَيْنِ ḵuršūfayni	الْخُرْشُوفَيْنِ al-ḵuršūfayni	خُرْشُوفَيْ ḵuršūfay
Genitive	خُرْشُوفَيْنِ ḵuršūfayni	الْخُرْشُوفَيْنِ al-ḵuršūfayni	خُرْشُوفَيْ ḵuršūfay
Plural	basic broken plural diptote
Plural	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	خَرَاشِيف ḵarāšīf	الْخَرَاشِيف al-ḵarāšīf	خَرَاشِيف ḵarāšīf
Nominative	خَرَاشِيفُ ḵarāšīfu	الْخَرَاشِيفُ al-ḵarāšīfu	خَرَاشِيفُ ḵarāšīfu
Accusative	خَرَاشِيفَ ḵarāšīfa	الْخَرَاشِيفَ al-ḵarāšīfa	خَرَاشِيفَ ḵarāšīfa
Genitive	خَرَاشِيفَ ḵarāšīfa	الْخَرَاشِيفِ al-ḵarāšīfi	خَرَاشِيفِ ḵarāšīfi

Descendants

Andalusian Arabic: خرشوف (ḵaršūf), الخرشوف (al-ḵaršūf)
- → Catalan: carxofa
- → Aragonese: garchofa
- → Old Spanish: alcarchofa
  - Spanish: alcachofa
    - → Basque: alkatxofa
    - → Tagalog: alkatsopas
  - → Occitan: artichaut ^[1]^[2]
    - → French: artichaut
      - → Vietnamese: atisô
    - → Italian (northern Italy): articiocco (see there for further descendants)
- → Portuguese: alcachofra, alcachofa
→ Hebrew: חרשף
→ Italian: carciofo, carcioffo (archaic)
- → Middle French: carchoffle
- → Polish: karczoch
- → Spanish: alcachofa
→ Neapolitan: carcioffula
→ Sicilian: cacòcciula, cacòcciulu, carciòffula
- → Maltese: qaqoċċ

References

^ Elcock, W. D. (1960) The Romance Languages‎, page 282: "Borrowed directly from the Qairawān–Sicily region, without the article, the same Arabic word appears in Italian as carciofo; the Spanish form penetrated, however, into Provence, where it became archichaut, arquichaut, and thence into northern Italy as articiocco".
^ artichaut in Dicod'oc

Corriente, Federico, Pereira, Christophe, Vicente, Angeles, editors (2017), Dictionnaire du faisceau dialectal arabe andalou. Perspectives phraséologiques et étymologiques (in French), Berlin: De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 403
Löw, Immanuel (1928) Die Flora der Juden‎ (in German), volume 1, Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, pages 407–412
“suādu”, in The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago (CAD)‎, Chicago: University of Chicago Oriental Institute, 1956–2011, pages 307-308