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The sense of "uproot" is inherited from Proto-Dravidian*kaḷ-(“to pluck, uproot, gather”), which is formally identical to the previous etymon and thus may not be a separate reconstruction. Cognate with Tamilகள்(kaḷ, “to weed”).[3]
McAlpin proposes several Elamite cognates for the various senses of this verb:
Speculative Elamite cognates.
He relates the "strike" and "kill" sense to Achaemenid Elamite(hal-pi-iš/halpiš/, “he slew, had killed, hit, struck”), (hal-ba/halba/, “died, dead”).[4] He claims to split the "strike" and "kill" senses on the basis of only "strike" having the imperative form خَڷ(xał) but this does not seem supported by the literature, and he provides some of the same Elamite cognates for both anyways.
He relates the "lift cattle" sense to Old Elamite(ha-al-ma-h/halmah/, “I made disappear”), etc.[5]
He relates the "uproot" sense to New Elamite(hi-ul-li-in/hillin/, “plunder, booty”).[6]
The "pitch a tent" sense is related to Middle Elamite(hu-ul-ba-h/hulbah/, “I erected”)[7]
The "traverse" sense is related to Achaemenid Elamite(hal-sa-ba/halsaba/, “to drive to pasture”)[8]
^ McAlpin, David (2022) “*xal”, in “Modern colloquial eastern Elamite”, in Al-Burz, volume 14, number 1, page 76 of 64–123
^ McAlpin, David (2022) “*xaɬ”, in “Modern colloquial eastern Elamite”, in Al-Burz, volume 14, number 1, page 77 of 64–123
^ McAlpin, David (2022) “*xel”, in “Modern colloquial eastern Elamite”, in Al-Burz, volume 14, number 1, page 77 of 64–123
^ McAlpin, David (2022) “*xol”, in “Modern colloquial eastern Elamite”, in Al-Burz, volume 14, number 1, page 77 of 64–123
^ McAlpin, David (2022) “*xal”, in “Modern colloquial eastern Elamite”, in Al-Burz, volume 14, number 1, page 76 of 64–123
↑ 9.09.1Ali, Liaquat, Kobayashi, Masato (2024) “xall-ing”, in Brahui Texts: Glossed and Translated Short Stories and Folktales, Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies, page 732
Further reading
Bray, Denys (1934) “khalling”, in The Brahui Language, Calcutta, India: Superintendent Government Printing, Part II: The Brāhūī Problem; Part III: Etymological Vocabulary, page 179
^ McAlpin, David (2022) “*xuɬ”, in “Modern colloquial eastern Elamite”, in Al-Burz, volume 14, number 1, page 77 of 64–123
Further reading
Bray, Denys (1934) “khuling”, in The Brahui Language, Calcutta, India: Superintendent Government Printing, Part II: The Brāhūī Problem; Part III: Etymological Vocabulary, page 186
Ali, Liaquat, Kobayashi, Masato (2024) “xul-ing”, in Brahui Texts: Glossed and Translated Short Stories and Folktales, Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies, page 733
Bray, Denys (1934) “khulling”, in The Brahui Language, Calcutta, India: Superintendent Government Printing, Part II: The Brāhūī Problem; Part III: Etymological Vocabulary, page 186
Vullers, Johann August (1855) “خلنگ”, in Lexicon Persico-Latinum etymologicum cum linguis maxime cognatis Sanscrita et Zendica et Pehlevica comparatum, e lexicis persice scriptis Borhâni Qâtiu, Haft Qulzum et Bahâri agam et persico-turcico Farhangi-Shuûrî confectum, adhibitis etiam Castelli, Meninski, Richardson et aliorum operibus et auctoritate scriptorum Persicorum adauctum (in Latin), volume I, Gießen: J. Ricker, page 716
