خواب
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See also: جواب
Persian
Etymology
From Middle Persian 𐭧𐭥𐭠𐭡 (hwʾb /xwāb/), from Proto-Iranian *hwápati, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *swap-, from Proto-Indo-European *swep- (“to dream”). Compare Northern Kurdish xew, xewn, Russian спать (spatʹ), and Ancient Greek ὕπνος (húpnos, “sleep”), whence hypnosis.
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key):
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key):
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key):
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | xwāḇ |
| Dari reading? | xāb |
| Iranian reading? | xâb |
| Tajik reading? | xob |
Noun
| Dari | خواب |
|---|---|
| Iranian Persian | |
| Tajik | хоб |
خواب • (xâb)
- sleep
- c. 1390, Shams-ud-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ, “Ghazal 26”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Ḥāfiẓ]:
- سر فرا گوش من آورد، به آواز حزین
گفت: ای عاشق دیرینه من خوابت هست؟- sar farâ gôš-i man âward ba âwâz-i hazîn
guft ay âšiq-i dêrîna-yi man xwâb-at hast? - He brought his head close to my ear and, in a plaintive voice,
Said, "Hey, old-time lover of mine, are you asleep ?"
- sar farâ gôš-i man âward ba âwâz-i hazîn
- c. 1390, Shams-ud-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ, “Ghazal 464”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Ḥāfiẓ]:
- چون من خیال رویت جانا به خواب بینم
کز خواب می‌نبیند چشمم به جز خیالی- čôn man xayâl-i rôy-at jân-â ba xwâb bênam
k-az xwâb mê-na-bênad čašm-am ba juz xayâlê - My love, how can I glimpse your face in dreams
When my eyes cannot get but a single glimpse of sleep?
- čôn man xayâl-i rôy-at jân-â ba xwâb bênam
- c. 1720, 'Abd al-Qādir Bēdil, دیوان بیدل [The Divān of Bēdil]:
- بیداری میان دو خواب است هستیم
گرد تخیل دو سراب است هستیم- bîdârî-yi miyân-i dô xwâb ast hastêm
gard-i taxayyul-i dô sarâb ast hastêm - There is wakefulness between two slumbers; that is us;
There is the dust of fancies between two mirages; that is us.
- bîdârî-yi miyân-i dô xwâb ast hastêm
- dream
- Synonym: رؤیا (ro'yâ)
- c. 1185, Shihāb al-Dīn Suhrawardī, پرتونامه [The Book of Illumination]:
- رئیس طبیعی شود عالم را، و او را از عالم اعلا نصرت رسد و سخن او در عالم علوی مسموع باشد، و خواب و الهام او به کمال رسد.
- ra'îs-i tabî'î šawad âlim râ, u ô râ az âlim-i a'lâ nusrat rasad o suxan-i ô dar âlim-i ulwî masmû' bâšad, u xwâb u ilhâm-i ô ba kamâl rasad.
- He shall become the natural ruler of the world; succor shall come to him from the sublime world, and his word shall be obeyed in the celestial world; his dreams and inspirations shall reach perfection.
- c. 1390, Shams-ud-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ, “Ghazal 464”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Ḥāfiẓ]:
- چون من خیال رویت جانا به خواب بینم
کز خواب می‌نبیند چشمم به جز خیالی- čôn man xayâl-i rôy-at jân-â ba xwâb bênam
k-az xwâb mê-na-bênad čašm-am ba juz xayâlê - My love, how can I glimpse your face in dreams
When my eyes cannot get but a single glimpse of sleep?
- čôn man xayâl-i rôy-at jân-â ba xwâb bênam
Derived terms
verbs
- به خواب رفتن (be xâb raftan, “to go to sleep”)
- خواب آمدن (xâb âmadan, “to feel sleepy”)
- خواب از سر پریدن (xâb az sar paridan, “to awaken suddenly”)
- خواب بردن (xâb bordan, “to fall asleep”)
- خواب دیدن (xâb didan, “to dream”)
- خوابیدن (xâbidan, “to sleep”)
others
Related terms
- خفتن (xoftan, “to sleep”)
Descendants
Adjective
خواب • (xâb)
References
Sindhi
Etymology
Borrowed from Classical Persian خْوَاب (xwāb).
Pronunciation
Noun
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خواب • (xuvābu) m (Devanagari ख़ुवाबु)
References
- “خواب”, in Sindhi-English Dictionary, University of Chicago: Center for Language Engineering, Pakistan, 1866-1938
Urdu
Etymology
Borrowed from Classical Persian خْوَاب (xwāb), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *swap-, from Proto-Indo-European *swep- (“to dream”). Doublet of سپنا (sapnā).
Pronunciation
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /xʷɑːb/,
- Rhymes: -ɑːb
Noun
خْوَاب • (xvāb) m (Hindi spelling ख़्वाब)
Declension
| Declension of خواب | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| direct | خواب (xvāb) | خواب (xvāb) |
| oblique | خواب (xvāb) | خوابوں (xvābō̃) |
| vocative | خواب (xvāb) | خوابو (xvābō) |
Related terms
Related terms
- خواب گاہ (xāb gāh or xvāb gāh, “bedroom”)
- خوابیدہ (xābidah or xvābidah, “asleep”)
- خواب دیکھنا (xāb dekhnā or xvāb dekhna, “to dream”)
Further reading
- “خواب”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
- “خواب”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary , Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
- Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “خواب”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.