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Erdal, Marcel (1993) Die Sprache der wolgabolgarischen Inschriften (in German), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 164
Tekin, Talât (1988) Volga Bulgar kitabeleri ve Volga Bulgarcası [Volga Bulgarian Ephitaphs and Volga Bulgarian Language] (in Turkish), Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, →ISBN, page 190
Ultimately derived from a Middle Indo-Aryan reflex of Sanskritउपाध्याय(upādhyāya, “teacher; preceptor; spiritual adviser”), via Central Asian intermediaries.[1][2] Various Middle Indo-Aryan reflexes are attested from all stages, including Maharastri Prakrit𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀅(uvajjhāa), but the Central Asian loaning source most closely resembles an unattested *𑀯𑀸𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀅(*vājjhāa) — matching Sindhiواجهو(vājho, “Hindu schoolteacher”), cf. also Tamilவாத்தியார்(vāttiyār, “teacher; instructor; family priest”). The initial aspiration in Classical Persianخواجه(xwāja) is also found in Khwarezmianخواجیک(xwʾjyk/xwājīk/, “venerated man”) and Chinese和尚(héshàng, “Buddhist monk”) (see more there).
چون حسنک بیامد، خواجه بر پای خاست. چون او این مَکرمُت بکرد، همه – اگر خواستند یا نه – بر پای خاستند. بو سهل زوزنی بر خشم خود طاقت نداشت؛ برخاست، نه تمام و بر خویشتن می ژکید. احمد او را گفت: در همه کارها ناتمامی. وی نیک از جای بشد.
When Hasanak came in, Khwaja stood up. Since he performed this act of respect, everyone – whether they wanted or not – stood up. Bu Sahl Zawzani couldn't contain his anger. He stood up, but not completely, and was grumbling to himself. Ahmad said to him: "In all tasks, you perform incompletely." He became extremely angered.
^ Asatrian, Garnik (2011) “Review: Iranian Loanwords in Syriac (Beiträge zur Iranistik 28) by Claudia A. Ciancaglini”, in Iran and the Caucasus, volume 15, number 1/2, page 324
^ Asatrian, Garnik (2012) “Marginal remarks on the history of some Persian words”, in Iran and the Caucasus, volume 16, number 1, page 108