خوف

See also: جوف and خ و ف

Arabic

Etymology 1

Root
خ و ف (ḵ w f)
10 terms

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /xawf/
Audio: (file)

Noun

خَوْف • (ḵawf) m

verbal noun of خَافَ (ḵāfa) (form I)
fear

Declension

Declension of noun خَوْف (ḵawf)

Singular	basic singular triptote
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	خَوْف ḵawf	الْخَوْف al-ḵawf	خَوْف ḵawf
Nominative	خَوْفٌ ḵawfun	الْخَوْفُ al-ḵawfu	خَوْفُ ḵawfu
Accusative	خَوْفًا ḵawfan	الْخَوْفَ al-ḵawfa	خَوْفَ ḵawfa
Genitive	خَوْفٍ ḵawfin	الْخَوْفِ al-ḵawfi	خَوْفِ ḵawfi

Descendants

Gulf Arabic: خوف (ḵōf)
→ Azerbaijani: xof
→ Karaim: хоф (hof)
→ Kazakh: қауіп (qauıp)
→ Kyrgyz: кооп (koop)
→ Persian: خوف (xowf)
- → Hindi: ख़ौफ़ (xauf)
- → Punjabi: ਖ਼ੌਫ਼ (xauf)
→ Swahili: hofu
→ Turkmen: howp
→ Uyghur: خەۋپ (xewp)
→ Uzbek: xavf

Etymology 2

Verb

خَوَّفَ • (ḵawwafa) II (non-past يُخَوِّفُ (yuḵawwifu), verbal noun تَخْوِيف (taḵwīf))

to frighten
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 3:175:
  إِنَّمَا ذَٰلِكُمُ الشَّيْطَانُ يُخَوِّفُ أَوْلِيَاءَهُ فَلَا تَخَافُوهُمْ وَخَافُونِ إِن كُنْتُم مُؤْمِنِينَ
  ʔinnamā ḏālikumu š-šayṭānu yuḵawwifu ʔawliyāʔahu falā taḵāfūhum waḵāfūni ʔin kuntum muʔminīna
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 17:60:
  وَنُخَوِّفُهُمْ فَمَا يَزِيدُهُمْ إِلَّا طُغْيَانًا كَبِيرًا
  wanuḵawwifuhum famā yazīduhum ʔillā ṭuḡyānan kabīran
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Conjugation

Conjugation of خَوَّفَ (II, sound, full passive, verbal noun تَخْوِيف)

active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر					تَخْوِيف taḵwīf
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل					مُخَوِّف muḵawwif
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول					مُخَوَّف muḵawwaf
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	خَوَّفْتُ ḵawwaftu	خَوَّفْتَ ḵawwafta	خَوَّفَ ḵawwafa	خَوَّفْتُمَا ḵawwaftumā	خَوَّفَا ḵawwafā	خَوَّفْنَا ḵawwafnā	خَوَّفْتُمْ ḵawwaftum	خَوَّفُوا ḵawwafū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	خَوَّفْتُ ḵawwaftu	خَوَّفْتِ ḵawwafti	خَوَّفَتْ ḵawwafat	خَوَّفْتُمَا ḵawwaftumā	خَوَّفَتَا ḵawwafatā	خَوَّفْنَا ḵawwafnā	خَوَّفْتُنَّ ḵawwaftunna	خَوَّفْنَ ḵawwafna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُخَوِّفُ ʔuḵawwifu	تُخَوِّفُ tuḵawwifu	يُخَوِّفُ yuḵawwifu	تُخَوِّفَانِ tuḵawwifāni	يُخَوِّفَانِ yuḵawwifāni	نُخَوِّفُ nuḵawwifu	تُخَوِّفُونَ tuḵawwifūna	يُخَوِّفُونَ yuḵawwifūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أُخَوِّفُ ʔuḵawwifu	تُخَوِّفِينَ tuḵawwifīna	تُخَوِّفُ tuḵawwifu	تُخَوِّفَانِ tuḵawwifāni	تُخَوِّفَانِ tuḵawwifāni	نُخَوِّفُ nuḵawwifu	تُخَوِّفْنَ tuḵawwifna	يُخَوِّفْنَ yuḵawwifna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُخَوِّفَ ʔuḵawwifa	تُخَوِّفَ tuḵawwifa	يُخَوِّفَ yuḵawwifa	تُخَوِّفَا tuḵawwifā	يُخَوِّفَا yuḵawwifā	نُخَوِّفَ nuḵawwifa	تُخَوِّفُوا tuḵawwifū	يُخَوِّفُوا yuḵawwifū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أُخَوِّفَ ʔuḵawwifa	تُخَوِّفِي tuḵawwifī	تُخَوِّفَ tuḵawwifa	تُخَوِّفَا tuḵawwifā	تُخَوِّفَا tuḵawwifā	نُخَوِّفَ nuḵawwifa	تُخَوِّفْنَ tuḵawwifna	يُخَوِّفْنَ yuḵawwifna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُخَوِّفْ ʔuḵawwif	تُخَوِّفْ tuḵawwif	يُخَوِّفْ yuḵawwif	تُخَوِّفَا tuḵawwifā	يُخَوِّفَا yuḵawwifā	نُخَوِّفْ nuḵawwif	تُخَوِّفُوا tuḵawwifū	يُخَوِّفُوا yuḵawwifū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أُخَوِّفْ ʔuḵawwif	تُخَوِّفِي tuḵawwifī	تُخَوِّفْ tuḵawwif	تُخَوِّفَا tuḵawwifā	تُخَوِّفَا tuḵawwifā	نُخَوِّفْ nuḵawwif	تُخَوِّفْنَ tuḵawwifna	يُخَوِّفْنَ yuḵawwifna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		خَوِّفْ ḵawwif		خَوِّفَا ḵawwifā			خَوِّفُوا ḵawwifū
imperative الْأَمْر	f		خَوِّفِي ḵawwifī		خَوِّفَا ḵawwifā			خَوِّفْنَ ḵawwifna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	خُوِّفْتُ ḵuwwiftu	خُوِّفْتَ ḵuwwifta	خُوِّفَ ḵuwwifa	خُوِّفْتُمَا ḵuwwiftumā	خُوِّفَا ḵuwwifā	خُوِّفْنَا ḵuwwifnā	خُوِّفْتُمْ ḵuwwiftum	خُوِّفُوا ḵuwwifū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	خُوِّفْتُ ḵuwwiftu	خُوِّفْتِ ḵuwwifti	خُوِّفَتْ ḵuwwifat	خُوِّفْتُمَا ḵuwwiftumā	خُوِّفَتَا ḵuwwifatā	خُوِّفْنَا ḵuwwifnā	خُوِّفْتُنَّ ḵuwwiftunna	خُوِّفْنَ ḵuwwifna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُخَوَّفُ ʔuḵawwafu	تُخَوَّفُ tuḵawwafu	يُخَوَّفُ yuḵawwafu	تُخَوَّفَانِ tuḵawwafāni	يُخَوَّفَانِ yuḵawwafāni	نُخَوَّفُ nuḵawwafu	تُخَوَّفُونَ tuḵawwafūna	يُخَوَّفُونَ yuḵawwafūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أُخَوَّفُ ʔuḵawwafu	تُخَوَّفِينَ tuḵawwafīna	تُخَوَّفُ tuḵawwafu	تُخَوَّفَانِ tuḵawwafāni	تُخَوَّفَانِ tuḵawwafāni	نُخَوَّفُ nuḵawwafu	تُخَوَّفْنَ tuḵawwafna	يُخَوَّفْنَ yuḵawwafna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُخَوَّفَ ʔuḵawwafa	تُخَوَّفَ tuḵawwafa	يُخَوَّفَ yuḵawwafa	تُخَوَّفَا tuḵawwafā	يُخَوَّفَا yuḵawwafā	نُخَوَّفَ nuḵawwafa	تُخَوَّفُوا tuḵawwafū	يُخَوَّفُوا yuḵawwafū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أُخَوَّفَ ʔuḵawwafa	تُخَوَّفِي tuḵawwafī	تُخَوَّفَ tuḵawwafa	تُخَوَّفَا tuḵawwafā	تُخَوَّفَا tuḵawwafā	نُخَوَّفَ nuḵawwafa	تُخَوَّفْنَ tuḵawwafna	يُخَوَّفْنَ yuḵawwafna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُخَوَّفْ ʔuḵawwaf	تُخَوَّفْ tuḵawwaf	يُخَوَّفْ yuḵawwaf	تُخَوَّفَا tuḵawwafā	يُخَوَّفَا yuḵawwafā	نُخَوَّفْ nuḵawwaf	تُخَوَّفُوا tuḵawwafū	يُخَوَّفُوا yuḵawwafū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أُخَوَّفْ ʔuḵawwaf	تُخَوَّفِي tuḵawwafī	تُخَوَّفْ tuḵawwaf	تُخَوَّفَا tuḵawwafā	تُخَوَّفَا tuḵawwafā	نُخَوَّفْ nuḵawwaf	تُخَوَّفْنَ tuḵawwafna	يُخَوَّفْنَ yuḵawwafna

Etymology 3

Adjective

خُوَّف • (ḵuwwaf) m pl

masculine plural of خَائِف (ḵāʔif)

Hijazi Arabic

Root
خ و ف
2 terms

Etymology 1

From Arabic خَوْف (ḵawf).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /xoːf/,

Noun

خوف • (ḵōf) m

fear

Etymology 2

From Arabic خَوَّفَ (ḵawwafa).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /xaw.waf/

Verb

خَوَّف • (ḵawwaf) II (non-past يِخَوِّف (yiḵawwif))

to frighten

Conjugation

Conjugation of خوف (ḵawwaf)
		singular			plural
		1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person
past	m	خوفت (ḵawwaft)	خوفت (ḵawwaft)	خوف (ḵawwaf)	خوفنا (ḵawwafna)	خوفتوا (ḵawwaftu)	خوفوا (ḵawwafu)
past	f	خوفت (ḵawwaft)	خوفتي (ḵawwafti)	خوفت (ḵawwafat)	خوفنا (ḵawwafna)	خوفتوا (ḵawwaftu)	خوفوا (ḵawwafu)
non-past	m	أخوف (ʔaḵawwif)	تخوف (tiḵawwif)	يخوف (yiḵawwif)	نخوف (niḵawwif)	تخوفوا (tiḵawwifu)	يخوفوا (yiḵawwifu)
non-past	f	أخوف (ʔaḵawwif)	تخوفي (tiḵawwifi)	تخوف (tiḵawwif)	نخوف (niḵawwif)	تخوفوا (tiḵawwifu)	يخوفوا (yiḵawwifu)
imperative	m		خوف (ḵawwif)			خوفوا (ḵawwifu)
imperative	f		خوفي (ḵawwifi)			خوفوا (ḵawwifu)

Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic خَوْف (ḵawf).

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key):

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key):
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key):
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key):

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key):

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key):

Readings
Classical reading^?	xawf
Dari reading^?	xawf
Iranian reading^?	xowf
Tajik reading^?	xavf

Noun


Iranian Persian	خوف
Dari	خوف
Tajik	хавф

خوف • (xowf) (plural خوف‌ها (xowf-hâ))

fear
Synonyms: بیم (bim), تَرس (tars), سَهم (sahm)

Derived terms

خُوفناک (xowfnâk)

Descendants

→ Hindustani:
Hindi: ख़ौफ़ (xauf)

Urdu: خَوف (xauf)
→ Punjabi:
Gurmukhi script: ਖ਼ੌਫ਼ (xauf)

Shahmukhi script: خَوف (xauf)

South Levantine Arabic

Root
خ و ف
4 terms

Etymology

From Arabic خَوَّفَ (ḵawwafa).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /xaw.waf/,
Audio (al-Lidd): (file)

Verb

خوّف • (ḵawwaf) II (present بخوّف (biḵawwef))

to frighten

Conjugation

Conjugation of خوّف (ḵawwaf)
		singular			plural
		1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person
past	m	خوّفت (ḵawwaft)	خوّفت (ḵawwaft)	خوّف (ḵawwaf)	خوّفنا (ḵawwafna)	خوّفتو (ḵawwaftu)	خوّفو (ḵawwafu)
past	f	خوّفت (ḵawwaft)	خوّفتي (ḵawwafti)	خوّفت (ḵawwafat)	خوّفنا (ḵawwafna)	خوّفتو (ḵawwaftu)	خوّفو (ḵawwafu)
present	m	بخوّف (baḵawwef)	بتخوّف (bitḵawwef)	بخوّف (biḵawwef)	منخوّف (minḵawwef)	بتخوّفو (bitḵawwfu)	بخوّفو (biḵawwfu)
present	f	بخوّف (baḵawwef)	بتخوّفي (bitḵawwfi)	بتخوّف (bitḵawwef)	منخوّف (minḵawwef)	بتخوّفو (bitḵawwfu)	بخوّفو (biḵawwfu)
subjunctive	m	اخوّف (aḵawwef)	تخوّف (tḵawwef)	يخوّف (yḵawwef)	نخوّف (nḵawwef)	تخوّفو (tḵawwfu)	يخوّفو (yḵawwfu)
subjunctive	f	اخوّف (aḵawwef)	تخوّفي (tḵawwfi)	تخوّف (tḵawwef)	نخوّف (nḵawwef)	تخوّفو (tḵawwfu)	يخوّفو (yḵawwfu)
imperative	m		خوّف (ḵawwef)			خوّفو (ḵawwfu)
imperative	f		خوّفي (ḵawwfi)			خوّفو (ḵawwfu)

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian (xawf), from Arabic خَوْف (ḵawf).

Pronunciation

(Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /xɔːf/

Noun

خَوف • (xauf) m (Hindi spelling ख़ौफ़)

fear

خوف

Arabic

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Descendants

Etymology 2

Verb

Conjugation

Etymology 3

Adjective

Hijazi Arabic

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Noun

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

Persian

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Derived terms

Descendants

South Levantine Arabic

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

Urdu

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

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