دخس

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Arabic

دُخَس
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Etymology

Natively explained as from the root ذ خ س (ḏ-ḵ-s), denoting “to be fleshy”, “to be fat or chubby”, “to have blubber”, “to be full or thick”; likely a term originally applied for various marine mammals; considered cognate with Biblical Hebrew תַּחַשׁ (táḥaš), occurring as a source of the covering of the tabernacle and frequently misinterpreted as an animal such as sea cow, dugong, porpoise, also by reason of this Arabic term for explanation. The lexical item is now known to designate kinds of inlays of patterned beading, stones, metal and faience, that for the artificial material were set off blue (hyacinthine on red-dyed skin on the tabernacle), and belong to Akkadian 𒂃𒅆𒀀 (DU8.ŠI.A /⁠duhšu⁠/) also used as a colour-name, borrowed in both languages via the Mari language or directly from Hurrian. Since there has been no necessity to posit direct Akkadian loans into Arabic, not to speak of Hurrian ones, and the sound change of Hebrew is not copied, this also implies borrowing of an Aramaic *דֻחְשָׁא (duḥəšā) here, before the Northwest Semitic sound merger of /ħ/ into /x/.

Pronunciation

Noun

دُخَس • (duḵas) m

  1. dolphin
  2. whale; dugong

Declension

Declension of noun دُخَس (duḵas)
Singular basic singular triptote
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal دُخَس
duḵas 		الدُّخَس
ad-duḵas 		دُخَس
duḵas
Nominative دُخَسٌ
duḵasun 		الدُّخَسُ
ad-duḵasu 		دُخَسُ
duḵasu
Accusative دُخَسًا
duḵasan 		الدُّخَسَ
ad-duḵasa 		دُخَسَ
duḵasa
Genitive دُخَسٍ
duḵasin 		الدُّخَسِ
ad-duḵasi 		دُخَسِ
duḵasi

Synonyms

References

  • Dalley, Stephanie (2000) “Hebrew taḥaš, Akkadian duhšu, faience and beadwork”, in Journal of Semitic Studies‎, volume 45, number 1, →DOI, pages 1–19
  • Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “دخس”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes‎ (in French), volume 1, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 425
  • Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “دخس”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎ (in French), volume 1, Paris: Maisonneuve et Cie, page 677b
  • Sims-Williams, Nicholas (2017) “Two Iranian loanwords in Syriac”, in Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies‎, volume 80, number 3, →DOI, page 486
  • Wehr, Hans (1979) “دخس”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 315
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