دیوار
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دیوار
Central Kurdish
Pronunciation
Noun
| Northern Kurdish | dîwar |
|---|
دیوار (dîwar)
Khalaj
Noun
دیوار (duvâr) (definite accusative دیوارؽ, plural دیوارلار)
Declension
Declension of دیوار
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | دیوار | دیوارلار |
| genitive | دیوارؽݧ | دیوارلارؽݧ |
| dative | دیوارقا | دیوارلارقا |
| definite accusative | دیوارؽ | دیوارلارؽ |
| locative | دیوارچا | دیوارلارچا |
| ablative | دیواردا | دیوارلاردا |
| instrumental | دیوارلا | دیوارلارلا |
| equative | دیواروارا | دیوارلاروارا |
Ottoman Turkish
Etymology
Borrowed from Persian دیوار (divâr, “wall”), from Middle Persian dywʾl (dēwār, “wall”).
Noun
دیوار • (duvar) (definite accusative دیواری (duvarı), plural دیوارلر (duvarlar))
- wall, each of the substantial structures acting either as the exterior of or divisions within a structure
- Synonym: جدار (cidar)
- wall, any structure built with stones, earth etc. built for defensive pruposes, surrounding a place
- Synonym: سور (sur)
Derived terms
- اورمه دیوار (örme duvar, “a built-up wall”)
- بغدادی دیوار (bağdadî duvar, “wall of lath and plaster”)
- بودور دیوار (bodur duvar, “low wall, parapet”)
- در و دیوار (der ve duvar, “a house, as a whole”, literally “door and wall”)
- درت دیوار آراسی (dört duvar arası, “captivity”, literally “the space inside four walls”)
- دیوار آردی (duvar ardı, “coward”, literally “the back of a wall”)
- دیوار اورمك (duvar örmek, “to build a wall”)
- دیوار چكمك (duvar çekmek, “to wall up”)
- دیوار یاران (duvar yaran, “Satan, the Devil”, literally “wall cleaver”)
- دیوارجی (duvarcı, “mason, bricklayer”)
- دیوارسز (duvarsız, “unwalled”)
- دیوارلاتمق (duvarlatmak, “to make or let be walled”)
- دیوارلامق (duvarlamak, “to enclose with walls”)
- دیوارلانمق (duvarlanmak, “to be walled up”)
- دیوارلو (duvarlı, “walled”)
- دیوارچه (divarçe, “little wall”)
- شاه دیوار (şah duvar, “bearing wall”)
- صور دیوار (sur duvar, “solid wall”)
- قلعه دیواری (kalʼe duvarı, “rampart”)
- قورو دیوار (kuru duvar, “bare wall”)
Descendants
- Turkish: duvar
- → Bulgarian: дува́р (duvár)
- → Greek: ντουβάρι (ntouvári)
- → Macedonian: дувар (duvar)
- → Serbo-Croatian:
Further reading
- Barbier de Meynard, Charles (1881) “دیوار”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, volume I, Paris: E. Leroux, page 785
- Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “duvar”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 1314
- Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “دیوار”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français, Vienna: F. Beck, page 240b
- Kélékian, Diran (1911) “دیوار”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, Constantinople: Mihran, page 601
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Murus”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum, Vienna, column 1106
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “دیوار”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum, Vienna, column 2219
- Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “duvar”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
- Redhouse, James W. (1890) “دیوار”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 940
Persian
Alternative forms
- دیوال (usually colloquial)
Etymology
From Middle Persian dywʾl (dēwār, “wall”). Compare Avestan 𐬛𐬀𐬉𐬰𐬀 (daēza, “wall”), Ancient Greek τεῖχος (teîkhos, “wall, fortifications”).
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): ,
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key):
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key):
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | dēwār, dīwār |
| Dari reading? | dēwār |
| Iranian reading? | divâr |
| Tajik reading? | devor |
Noun
| Dari | دیوار |
|---|---|
| Iranian Persian | |
| Tajik | девор |
دیوار • (divâr) (plural دیوارها (divâr-hâ))
- wall
- c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 214:
- گرچه دیوار افکند سایه‌‌ی دراز
باز گردد سوی او آن سایه باز- garči dēwār afkand sāya-yi darāz
bāz gardad sōy-i ō ān sāya bāz - Although the wall casts a long shadow, yet at last the shadow turns back again towards it .
- garči dēwār afkand sāya-yi darāz
Derived terms
- دیوار کوتاه (divâr kutâh, “helpless person”, literally “low wall”)
- دیواره (divâre, “rim”)
- دیواری (divâri, “wall-related”)
Descendants
- → Assamese: দেৱাল (dewal)
- → Azerbaijani: divar
- → Bashkir: диуар (diwar)
- → Gujarati: દિવાલ (divāl), દીવાલ (dīvāl)
- → Hindustani:
- → Kazakh: дуал (dual)
- → Khalaj: duvâr
- → Middle Bengali: দেওয়ার (deōẇar)
- Bengali: দেওয়াল (deōẇal)
- → Punjabi: ਦੀਵਾਰ / دیوار (dīvār)
- → Odia: ଦେୱାଲ (dewāla)
- → Ottoman Turkish: دیوار (duvar)
References
- MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “dēwār”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 26
- Miller, Corey, Livingston, Jace, Vinson, Mark, Triebwasser Prado, Thomas (2014) Persian Dialects: As Spoken in Iran, University of Maryland Center for Advanced Study of Language, page 14: “Peisikov (1960, section 25) notes several words with /r/ in the standard language that can be pronounced with /l/ in Tehrani: دیوار 'wall' /dival/, برق 'electricity' /bälɣ/, سوراخ 'hole' /sulax/.”
Punjabi
Etymology
Borrowed from Classical Persian دیوار (dīwār).
Noun
دِیْوَار • (dīvār) f (Gurmukhi spelling ਦੀਵਾਰ)
Declension
| Declension of دیوار | ||
|---|---|---|
| dir. sg. | دِیْوَار (dīvār) | |
| dir. pl. | دِیْوَاراں (dīvārāṉ) | |
| singular | plural | |
| direct | دِیْوَار (dīvār) | دِیْوَاراں (dīvārāṉ) |
| oblique | دِیْوَار (dīvār) | دِیْوَاراں (dīvārāṉ) |
| vocative | دِیْوَارے (dīvāre) | دِیْوَارو (dīvāro) |
| ablative | دِیْوَاروں (dīvāroṉ) | — |
| locative | دِیْوَارے (dīvāre) | دِیْوَارِیں (dīvārīṉ) |
| instrumental | دِیْوَارے (dīvāre) | دِیْوَارِیں (dīvārīṉ) |
Further reading
- Iqbal, Salah ud-Din (2002) “دیوار”, in vaḍḍī panjābī lughat (in Punjabi), Lahore: ʻAzīz Pablisharz
- “ਦੀਵਾਰ”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2024
Urdu
Etymology
Borrowed from Classical Persian دیوار (dīwār), from Middle Persian dywʾl (dēwār). Cognate to Punjabi دیوار (dīvār).
Noun
دیوار • (dīvār) f (Hindi spelling दीवार)
Declension
| Declension of دیوار | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| direct | دیوار (dīvār) | دیوار (dīvār) |
| oblique | دیوار (dīvār) | دیواروں (dīvārō̃) |
| vocative | دیوار (dīvār) | دیوارو (dīvārō) |