رقیب

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See also: رقيب

Persian

Etymology

    Borrowed from Arabic رَقِيب (raqīb), from رَقَبَ (raqaba). The semantic shift is already found in medieval poetry: "guardian of the beloved " > "rival in love" > "rival, competitor ."

    Pronunciation

    Readings
    Classical reading? raqīḇ
    Dari reading? raqīb
    Iranian reading? rağib
    Tajik reading? raqib

    Noun

    رقیب (raqib) (plural رقیبان (raqibân) or رقیب‌ها (raqib-hâ) or رقبا (roqabâ))

    1. rival, competitor, adversary, antagonist
      • c. 1520, Selim I of the Ottoman Empire, edited by Benedek Péri, The Persian Dīvān of Yavuz Sulṭān Selīm, Budapest, Hungary: Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, →ISBN, page 98:
        بر رقیبان افکنی هر دم نظر حیف و دریغ
        اینچنین ضایع چه میسازی نگاه خویش را
        bar raqībān afkanī har dam nazar hayf u dirēğ
        īnčunīn zāyi' či mēsāzī nigāh-i xwēš rā
        Every moment, you cast looks at rivals : such a pity, alas!
        Why do you waste your glances in such a way?
        (Classical Persian transliteration)
    2. (archaic, original sense) guardian, keeper
      Synonym: نگهبان (negahbân)

    Descendants

    Further reading

    • Vullers, Johann August (1856–1864) “رقیب”, in Lexicon Persico-Latinum etymologicum cum linguis maxime cognatis Sanscrita et Zendica et Pehlevica comparatum, e lexicis persice scriptis Borhâni Qâtiu, Haft Qulzum et Bahâri agam et persico-turcico Farhangi-Shuûrî confectum, adhibitis etiam Castelli, Meninski, Richardson et aliorum operibus et auctoritate scriptorum Persicorum adauctum (in Latin), volume II, Gießen: J. Ricker, page 48

    Urdu

    Etymology

      Borrowed from Classical Persian رَقِیب (raqīb), borrowed from Arabic رَقِيب (raqīb), from رَقَبَ (raqaba).[1][2] First attested in c. 1564 as Middle Hindi رقیب (rqyb /⁠raqīb⁠/).[3]

      Pronunciation

      Noun

      رَقِیب (raqībm (Hindi spelling रक़ीब)

      1. rival; competitor (especially in love; enemy)
      2. (dated) one who watches over (guardian, guard; watchman, waiter of something)

      Declension

          Declension of رقیب
      singular plural
      direct رَقِیب (raqīb) رَقِیب (raqīb)
      oblique رَقِیب (raqīb) رَقِیبوں (raqībõ)
      vocative رَقِیب (raqīb) رَقِیبو (raqībo)

      References

      1. ^ Platts, John T. (1884) “رقيب”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co., page 596
      2. ^ S. W. Fallon (1879) “رقیب”, in A New Hindustani-English Dictionary, Banaras, London: Trubner and Co.
      3. ^ رقیب”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.

      Further reading

      • رقیب”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary , Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
      • Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “رقيب”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co., page 335
      • John Shakespear (1834) “رقیب”, in A dictionary, Hindustani and English: with a copious index, fitting the work to serve, also, as a dictionary of English and Hindustani, 3rd edition, London: J.L. Cox and Son, →OCLC