زمان

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See also: رمان

Arabic

Etymology

With the alternative form زَمَن (zaman) an old loan, becoming productive in the root ز م ن (z-m-n), perhaps directly borrowed from or from a close Aramaic relative to Imperial Aramaic 𐡆𐡌𐡍 (zmn), 𐡆𐡌𐡀𐡍 (zmʾn), borrowed from a late pronunciation of the religiously relevant Old Persian *jamānā (“time”), reconstructible for Proto-Iranian *ǰámaHnaH, of a native derivation type from Proto-Indo-European.

Pronunciation

Noun

زَمَان • (zamān) m (plural أَزْمِنَة (ʔazmina))

  1. (uncountable and countable) time
    Synonym: زَمَن (zaman)
    Coordinate term: مَكَان (makān)
  2. age (A particular period of time in history)
  3. season
    أَزْمِنَةُ ٱلسَّنَةِ هِيَ: ٱلْخَرِيفُ وَٱلشِّتَاءُ وَٱلرَّبِيعُ وَٱلصَّيْفُ
    ʔazminatu s-sanati hiya: l-ḵarīfu waš-šitāʔu war-rabīʕu waṣ-ṣayfu
    The seasons of the year are: autumn, winter, spring and summer.

Declension

Declension of noun زَمَان (zamān)
Singular basic singular triptote
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal زَمَان
zamān 		الزَّمَان
az-zamān 		زَمَان
zamān
Nominative زَمَانٌ
zamānun 		الزَّمَانُ
az-zamānu 		زَمَانُ
zamānu
Accusative زَمَانًا
zamānan 		الزَّمَانَ
az-zamāna 		زَمَانَ
zamāna
Genitive زَمَانٍ
zamānin 		الزَّمَانِ
az-zamāni 		زَمَانِ
zamāni
Dual Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal زَمَانَيْن
zamānayn 		الزَّمَانَيْن
az-zamānayn 		زَمَانَيْ
zamānay
Nominative زَمَانَانِ
zamānāni 		الزَّمَانَانِ
az-zamānāni 		زَمَانَا
zamānā
Accusative زَمَانَيْنِ
zamānayni 		الزَّمَانَيْنِ
az-zamānayni 		زَمَانَيْ
zamānay
Genitive زَمَانَيْنِ
zamānayni 		الزَّمَانَيْنِ
az-zamānayni 		زَمَانَيْ
zamānay
Plural broken plural triptote in ـَة (-a)
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal أَزْمِنَة
ʔazmina 		الْأَزْمِنَة
al-ʔazmina 		أَزْمِنَة
ʔazminat
Nominative أَزْمِنَةٌ
ʔazminatun 		الْأَزْمِنَةُ
al-ʔazminatu 		أَزْمِنَةُ
ʔazminatu
Accusative أَزْمِنَةً
ʔazminatan 		الْأَزْمِنَةَ
al-ʔazminata 		أَزْمِنَةَ
ʔazminata
Genitive أَزْمِنَةٍ
ʔazminatin 		الْأَزْمِنَةِ
al-ʔazminati 		أَزْمِنَةِ
ʔazminati

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Maltese: żmien

References

  • Freytag, Georg (1833) “زمان”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 256
  • Wehr, Hans (1979) “زمن”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 444

Central Kurdish

Etymology

From Proto-Iranian *hižwáH (compare Persian زوان (zavân)/زبان (zabân), Pashto ژبه (žəba), Avestan 𐬵𐬌𐬰𐬎𐬎𐬁 (hizuuā)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́iȷ́ʰwáH (compare Sanskrit जिह्वा (jihvā), Hindi जीभ (jībh)), from Proto-Indo-European *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s (compare Old Prussian insuwis, Russian язы́к (jazýk), French langue, English tongue).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /zmaːn/
  • Hyphenation: ز‧مان

Noun

زمان (ziman)

  1. tongue
  2. language

Chadian Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic زَمَان (zamān).

Adverb

زمان (zamān)

  1. long ago
    • 2019, الكتاب المقدس بالعربي الدارجي هنا تشاد [The Bible in Chadian Arabic]‎, N'Djamena: Alliance biblique du Tchad, أعمال الرُسُل 15:18:
      الْمَعْرُوف منِ زَمَان
      known from the earliest times.
  2. used to form the past tense of the copula: was, were
    هو زمان كريم
    hū zamān karīm.
    he was generous.

Usage notes

The past tense of the copula is usually implicit, however زمان or كان can also be used to express the past notion. While زمان is uninflected, كان changes in form according to the subject.

References

  1. ^ Peace Corps (2024 April 24 (last accessed)) Spoken Chadian Arabic‎, page 34

Khalaj

Noun

زَمان (zamân) (definite accusative زَمانؽ, plural زَمانلار)

  1. Arabic spelling of zamân (“time”)

Declension

Declension of زمان
singular plural
nominative زمان زمانلار
genitive زمانؽݧ زمانلارؽݧ
dative زمانقا زمانلارقا
definite accusative زمانؽ زمانلارؽ
locative زمانچا زمانلارچا
ablative زماندا زمانلاردا
instrumental زمانلا زمانلارلا
equative زمانوارا زمانلاروارا

Malay

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Persian زمان (zamân).

Pronunciation

Noun

زمان (Rumi spelling zaman, plural زمان٢)

  1. age (particular period of time in history)

Persian

Persian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia fa

Etymology

From Middle Persian 𐭥𐭣𐭭𐭠 (ODNA /⁠zamān⁠/), 𐭦𐭬𐭠𐭭𐭩 (ẕmʾn' /⁠zamān⁠/), 𐭦𐭬𐭭𐭩 (zmn' /⁠zamān⁠/), 𐫉𐫖𐫀𐫗 (zmʾn /⁠zamān⁠/), from Old Persian *jamānā; see there for more.

Pronunciation

 

Readings
Classical reading? zamān
Dari reading? zamān
Iranian reading? zamân
Tajik reading? zamon

Noun

Dari زمان
Iranian Persian
Tajik замон

زمان • (zamân) (plural زمان‌ها (zamân-hâ) or ازمنه (azmâne))

  1. time, epoch, period, age, season (a broad time period; not the precise time on a clock)
    در زمان شاه ― dar zamân-e šâh ― in the time of the Shah
    در زمان جنگ ― dar zamân-e jang ― in the time of the war
    در این زمان ― dar in zamân ― in this period, in these days
    1. (physics) time
    2. (grammar) tense
      زمان گذشته ― zamân-e gozašte ― past tense
    3. (figurative) death
      Synonym: مرگ (marg)

Derived terms

Descendants

South Levantine Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic زَمَان (zamān).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /za.maːn/, ,
  • Audio (Amman)(file)

Noun

زمان • (zamān) m (plural زمانات (zamānāt))

  1. time, period, era (in the past)
    كان عايش على زمان الأتراك.
    kān ʕāyeš ʕala zamān il-ʔatrāk
    He lived in the Ottoman period.
    (literally, “He was living in the time of the Turks.”)
  2. (definite) long ago
    انتا متذكر كيف كانت أيّام زمان؟
    enta mitzakker kīf kānat ʔayyām zamān?
    Do you remember how the old days used to be?
    (literally, “Do you remember how the days of long ago were?”)

Adverb

زمان • (zamān)

  1. (in a) long time
    زمان ما رحت على رام الله.
    zamān mā ruḥt ʕala rām-allah
    I haven't been to Ramallah in a long time.
    ما شفته من زمان.
    mā šufto min zamān.
    I haven't seen him in a long time.
    زمان عنّك.
    zamān ʕannak
    Long time no see.
    (literally, “A long time from you.”)

See also

Wikious
Boobota
Sagapedia