سبز
Persian
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Etymology
From Middle Persian spz, sbz (sabz, “green, fresh”), of uncertain origin.
Morgenstierne derives the word from an unattested form (*sapači-) and connects it, along with Pashto سابه (sābə́, “vegetables, greens”), to Ancient Greek κῆπος (kêpos, “garden”).
Henning is skeptical of this, however, and relates the word to Parthian (‘spyxt, “radiant, verdant”), deriving both from Proto-Iranian *(H)spar(H)- (“to sprout, bloom, blossom”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pregʰ- (“to scatter, to jerk”); compare Latin spargō (“to scatter, strew”), Old Irish arg (“a drop”), Lithuanian sprogti (“a bud, a shoot”), Northern Sami sprygg (“active, brisk”), Old Norse freknur (“speckles”) (whence English freckle), Avestan 𐬟𐬭𐬀-𐬯𐬞𐬀𐬭𐬈𐬔𐬀 (fra-sparega, “twig, branch, something jerked off of a tree”), Sanskrit पर्जन्य (parjanya, “rain god, rain”).
Cheung does not consider Parthian (‘spyxt) to be descended from Proto-Iranian *(H)spar(H)-, and instead derives it from Proto-Iranian *spaič / *spaiĵ (“to shine; to bloom”), which appears to be an exclusively Iranian root.
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key):
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key):
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key):
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | saḇz |
| Dari reading? | sabz |
| Iranian reading? | sabz |
| Tajik reading? | sabz |
| Dari | سبز |
|---|---|
| Iranian Persian | |
| Tajik | сабз |
Noun
سبز • (sabz) (plural سبزها (sabz-hâ))
Adjective
سبز • (sabz)
Related terms
Descendants
- → Assamese: সেউজ (xeuz)
- → Bengali: সবুজ (śobuj)
- → Hindi: सब्ज़ (sabz)
- → Urdu: سبز (sabz)
- → Odia: ସବୁଜ (sôbujô)
- → Punjabi: ਸਬਜ਼ (sabaz)
See also
| سِفید (sefid) | خَاکِسْتَری (xâkestari), توسی (tusi) | سِیَاه (siyâh), مِشْکی (meški) |
| سُرْخ (sorx), قِرْمِز (ğermez); زِرِشْکی (zereški) | نَارِنْجی (nârenji); قَهْوِه‌ای (ğahve-i), بور (bur) | زَرْد (zard); کِرِم (kerem) |
| سَبْزِ لیمویی (sabz-e limuyi) | سَبْز (sabz) | |
| آبیِ دَرْیَایی (âbi-ye daryâyi); سَبْزِ دودی (sabz-e dudi), فیروزِه‌ای (firuze-i) | لَاجْوَرْدی (lâjvardi) | آبی (âbi), سُرْمِه‌ای (sorme-i) |
| بَنَفْش (banafš); نیلی (nili) | سُرْخَابی (sorxâbi); اَرْغَوَانی (arğavâni) | صورَتی (surati) |
| سَفید (safēd) | خَاکِسْتَرِی (xākistarī), فولَادِی (fōlādī) | سِیَاه (siyāh), مُشْکِی (muškī) |
| سُرْخ (surx); قِرْمِزِی (qirmizī) | نَارَنْجِی (nāranjī); نَسْوَارِی (naswārī), بور (bōr), قَهْوَه‌یِی (qahwa-yī) | زَرْد (zard); کِرِیمِی (kirīmī) |
| سَبْزِ لِیمُویِی (sabz-i līmūyī) | سَبْز (sabz) | سَبْزِ آبِی (sabz-i ābī) |
| آبِیِ دَرْیَایِی (ābī-yi daryāyī); سَبْزِ دُودِی (sabz-i dūdī), فیروزَه‌یِی (fērōza-yī) | آسْمَانِی (āsmānī) | آبِی (ābī), آبِیِ تِیرَه (ābī-yi tīra) |
| بِنَفْش (binafš); نِیلِی (nīlī) | سُرْخَابِی (surxābī); اَرْغَوَانِی (arğawānī), بَانْجَانِی (bānjānī) | گُلَابِی (gulābī) |
References
- Morgenstierne, Georg (1927) An Etymological Vocabulary of Pashto (Skrifter utgitt av det Norske Videnskapsakademi i Oslo; 3), Oslo: J. Dybwad, page 66
- Henning, Walter (1947) “Two Manichaen Magical Texts with an Excursus on the Parthian Ending -endeh”, in Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, volume 12, number 1, Cambridge University Press, pages 46-47
- Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 198-199; 350
Urdu
Etymology
Borrowed from Classical Persian سبز (sabz), itself from Middle Persian spz, sbz (sabz, “green, fresh”). Compare Kashmiri سَبٕز (sabụz).
Pronunciation
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /səbz/
Adjective
سبز • (sabz) (Hindi spelling सब्ज़)
Synonyms
- ہرا (harā)
Related terms
- سبزی (sabzī)