سفید
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Persian
Alternative forms
- سپید (sapêd) (literary, poetic)
- اسپید (espêd) (poetic, dialectal)[1]
- اسفید (esfid), اسبید (esbêd)[2][3]
- سیفید (sifid) (dialectal, Abadeh), سفی (sefi) (dialectal, Sistan)
Etymology
From earlier سَپید (sapēd), from Middle Persian spyt' (spēd, “white”), from Proto-Iranian *cwaytáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćwaytás, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱweytós (“bright; shine”). Compare Avestan 𐬯𐬞𐬀𐬉𐬙𐬀 (spaēta, “white”), Sogdian (ʾspʾyt), Sanskrit श्वेत (śvetá, “white, bright”).
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key):
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key):
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key):
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | safēḏ |
| Dari reading? | safēd |
| Iranian reading? | sefid |
| Tajik reading? | safed |
Adjective
| Dari | سفید |
|---|---|
| Iranian Persian | |
| Tajik | сафед |
سفید • (sefid)
Derived terms
Descendants
- → Assamese: চফেদ (sophed), ছফেদ (sophed)
- → Bengali: সফেদ (śophed)
- → Gujarati: સફેદ (saphed)
- → Hindustani:
- → Maithili: saphēd
- → Marathi: सफेद (saphed)
- → Marwari: सफेद (saphed)
- → Odia: ସଫେଦ (sapheda)
- → Old Punjabi: ਸੁਪੇਦੁ (supedu)
- → Sindhi:
See also
Colors, Iranian Persian
| سِفید (sefid) | خَاکِسْتَری (xâkestari), توسی (tusi) | سِیَاه (siyâh), مِشْکی (meški) |
| سُرْخ (sorx), قِرْمِز (ğermez); زِرِشْکی (zereški) | نَارِنْجی (nârenji); قَهْوِهای (ğahve-i), بور (bur) | زَرْد (zard); کِرِم (kerem) |
| سَبْزِ لیمویی (sabz-e limuyi) | سَبْز (sabz) | |
| آبیِ دَرْیَایی (âbi-ye daryâyi); سَبْزِ دودی (sabz-e dudi), فیروزِهای (firuze-i) | لَاجْوَرْدی (lâjvardi) | آبی (âbi), سُرْمِهای (sorme-i) |
| بَنَفْش (banafš); نیلی (nili) | سُرْخَابی (sorxâbi); اَرْغَوَانی (arğavâni) | صورَتی (surati) |
Colors, Dari Persian
| سَفید (safēd) | خَاکِسْتَرِی (xākistarī), فولَادِی (fōlādī) | سِیَاه (siyāh), مُشْکِی (muškī) |
| سُرْخ (surx); قِرْمِزِی (qirmizī) | نَارَنْجِی (nāranjī); نَسْوَارِی (naswārī), بور (bōr), قَهْوَهیِی (qahwa-yī) | زَرْد (zard); کِرِیمِی (kirīmī) |
| سَبْزِ لِیمُویِی (sabz-i līmūyī) | سَبْز (sabz) | سَبْزِ آبِی (sabz-i ābī) |
| آبِیِ دَرْیَایِی (ābī-yi daryāyī); سَبْزِ دُودِی (sabz-i dūdī), فیروزَهیِی (fērōza-yī) | آسْمَانِی (āsmānī) | آبِی (ābī), آبِیِ تِیرَه (ābī-yi tīra) |
| بِنَفْش (binafš); نِیلِی (nīlī) | سُرْخَابِی (surxābī); اَرْغَوَانِی (arğawānī), بَانْجَانِی (bānjānī) | گُلَابِی (gulābī) |
References
- ^ Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–) “اسپید”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press
- ^ Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–) “اسفید”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press
- ^ Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–) “اسبید”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press
- Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1979) “սպիտակ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume IV, Yerevan: University Press, pages 264–265
- Horn, Paul (1893) Grundriss der neupersischen Etymologie (in German), Strasbourg: K.J. Trübner, § 708, page 157
- Hübschmann, Heinrich (1897) Armenische Grammatik. 1. Theil: Armenische Etymologie (in German), Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, page 240
- MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “spēd”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press
Urdu
Etymology
Borrowed from Classical Persian سَفید (safēd), from سَپید (sapēd), from Middle Persian spyt', from Proto-Iranian *cwaytáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćwaytás, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱweyt-.
Pronunciation
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /sə.feːd̪/
Adjective
سَفید • (safed) (Hindi spelling सफ़ेद)
Synonyms
Derived terms
See also
| سفید (safed), ابیض (abyaz) | سرمئی (sarmaī), خاکستری (xākistarī), دھوسر (dhūsar) | کالا (kālā), سیاہ (siyāh), اسود (aswad) |
| سرخ (surx), لال (lāl), قرمزی (qarmazī), احمر (ahmar) | مالٹائی (mālṭāī), نارنجی (nāranjī), نارنگی (nārangī); بھورا (bhūrā), بادامی (bādāmī), خاکی (xākī), مٹیالا (maṭiālā) | پیلا (pīlā), زرد (zard), اصفر (asfar), بسنتی (basantī) |
| پستہ (pistah), انگوری (aṅgūrī), دھانی (dhānī) | سبز (sabz), ہرا (harā) | |
| فیروزی (ferozī) | آسمانی (āsmānī), نیلگوں (nīlgū̃), لاجوردی (lājvardī), آبی (ābī), آبگوں (ābgū̃) | نیلا (nīlā), ازرق (azraq) |
| نیل (nīl), بنفشی (banafśī), بنفش (banafś) | جامنی (jāmnī), اودا (ūdā), ارغوانی (arġawānī), بیگنی (beganī), بینگنی (benganī), بینجنی (benjanī) | گلابی (gulābī), پیازی (pīāzī) |