سوگند

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See also: سوكند

Persian

Etymology

From Middle Persian swknd (sōgand, “oath”), from Avestan (/⁠saokanta⁠/, “sulphur”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱewk- (“white”). Related to سوختن (sōxtan, “to burn”), and سوگ (sōg, “sadness, mourning”).

Originally سوگند (sowgand) was a sulphur-filled drink given to defendants to determine the truth based on their body reaction to Sulphur.[1]

Pronunciation

 

Readings
Classical reading? sawgand
Dari reading? sawgand
Iranian reading? sowgand
Tajik reading? savgand

Noun

Dari سوگند
Iranian Persian
Tajik савганд

سوگند • (sowgand) (plural سوگندها (sowgand-hâ))

  1. oath
    Synonym: قسم (qasam)

Inflection

    Enclitic-attached forms of سوگند (sowgand) (Iranian Persian)
    Basic forms of سوگند (sowgand)
singular plural
bare سوگند
(sowgand) 		سوگندها
(sowgand-hấ)
سوگندا △
(sowgandấ)
definitive direct object سوگند را
(sowgand râ)
سوگند رو △
(sowgando) 		سوگندها را
(sowgand-hấ râ)
سوگندا رو △
(sowgandấ ro)
ezâfe سوگند
(sowgand-e) 		سوگندهای
(sowgand-hấ-ye)
سوگندای △
(sowgandấ-ye)
marked indefinite
or relative definite 		سوگندی
(sowgand-i) 		سوگندهایی
(sowgandấn-i, sowgand-hấ-i)
سوگندایی △
(sowgandấi)
△ Colloquial.
    Possessive forms of سوگند (sowgand)
singular plural
1st person singular
(“my”) 		سوگندم
(sowgandam) 		سوگند‌هایم
(sowgand-hấyam)
سوگند‌هام، سوگندام △
(sowgandấm)
2nd person singular
(“your”) 		سوگندت
(sowgandat)
△
(sowgandet) 		سوگند‌هایت
(sowgand-hấyat)
سوگند‌هات، سوگندات △
(sowgandất)
3rd person singular
(“his, her, its”) 		سوگندش
(sowgandaš)
△
(sowgandeš) 		سوگند‌هایش
(sowgand-hấyaš)
سوگند‌هاش، سوگنداش △
(sowgandấš)
1st plural
(“our”) 		سوگندمان
(sowgandemân)
سوگندمون △
(sowgandemun) 		سوگند‌هایمان
(sowgand-hấyemân)
سوگند‌هامون، سوگندامون △
(sowgandấmun)
2nd plural
(“your”) 		سوگندتان
(sowgandetân)
سوگندتون △
(sowgandetun) 		سوگند‌هایتان
(sowgand-hấyetân)
سوگند‌هاتون، سوگنداتون △
(sowgandấtun)
3rd plural
(“their”) 		سوگندشان
(sowgandešân)
سوگندشون △
(sowgandešun) 		سوگند‌هایشان
(sowgand-hấyešân)
سوگند‌هاشون، سوگنداشون △
(sowgandấšun)
△ Colloquial.

Derived terms

Descendants

References

  1. ^ Nourai, Ali (2011) An Etymological Dictionary of Persian, English and other Indo-European Languages, page 235

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian سوگند (sawgand).

Noun

سوگند • (saugand) f (Hindi spelling सौगंद)

  1. oath, asseveration

Synonyms

References

  • John T. Platts (2012 November 15 (last accessed)) A Dictionary of Urdu, Classical Hindi, and English‎
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