شما

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See also: سما

Persian

Etymology

From Middle Persian ʾšmʾ, ʿšmʾ (ašmā, išmā, “you”), from Proto-Indo-European *yū́ (“you (plural)”). Compare Southern Luri ایسا (īsâ, “you”) and Bakhtiari ایسا (īsâ, “you”).

Pronunciation

 

Readings
Classical reading? šumā
Dari reading? šumā
Iranian reading? šomâ
Tajik reading? šumo
  • Audio (Iran):(file)

Pronoun

Dari شما
Iranian Persian
Tajik шумо, Шумо

شُما • (šomâ)

  1. you (formal, polite, and grammatically plural)

See also

Persian personal pronouns (Iranian Persian)
singular plural
1st person مَن (man) ما (mâ)
2nd person familiar تو (to) شُما (šomâ)
polite شُما (šomâ)
3rd person general او (u)
اون (on)* 		آن‌ها (ân-hâ), آنان (ânân)
اونا (onâ)*
formal وِی (vey) ایشان (išân)
polite ایشان (išân)
* colloquial pronunciations
Persian personal pronouns (Classical and Dari)
singular plural
nominative accusative5 nominative accusative5
1st person general من
man 		مرا
marā 		ما
mā 		-
informal1 مه
ma 		مره
mara 		ماره
māra
2nd person familiar تو
tū, tō2 		ترا
turā 		شما
šumā 		-
formal شما
šumā 		-
informal1 - تره
tura 		شمایا
šumāyā 		شمایاره
šumāyāra
3rd person distal general او
ō 		- آنان4
ānān 		-
آن
ān 		آن‌ها4
ān‑hā
formal وی3
way 		ایشان
ēšān
ایشان
ēšān
informal, normal1 او
ū 		اوره
ūra 		اونا
ūnā 		ایناره
ūnāra
informal, emphatic I1 اونو
ūnū 		اونوره
ūnūra 		وا
wā 		واره
wāra
informal, emphatic II1 اونمو
ūnamū 		اونموره
ūnamūra 		اونموا
ūnamwā 		اونمواره
ūnamwāra
proximal general این
īn 		- اینان
īnān 		-
این‌ها
īn‑hā
informal, normal1 ای
ī 		ایره
īra 		اینا
īnā 		ایناره
īnāra
informal, emphatic I1 اینی
īnī 		اینیره
īnīra 		یا
yā 		یاره
yāra
informal, emphatic II1 اینمی
īnamī 		اینمیره
īnamīra 		اینمیا
īnamyā 		اینمیاره
īnamyāra
1 only applies to Dari
2 only applies to Classical Persian
3 not formal in Tajik
4 the plural forms آن‌ها and آنان are typically interchangeable
5 all accusative pronouns can be created with the nominative + را, only unique forms are included

References

  • Nourai, Ali (2011) An Etymological Dictionary of Persian, English and other Indo-European Languages, page 538
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