شہر
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Punjabi
Etymology
Borrowed from Classical Persian شَهر (šahr).
Pronunciation
- (Standard Punjabi) Phonetic: śǽră IPA(key): /ʃɛː˦ɾə̆/
Noun
شَہِر or شَہَر • (śahir or śahar) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਸ਼ਹਿਰ)
Declension
| Declension of شہر | ||
|---|---|---|
| dir. sg. | شَہِر (śahir) | |
| dir. pl. | شَہِر (śahir) | |
| singular | plural | |
| direct | شَہِر (śahir) | شَہِر (śahir) |
| oblique | شَہِر (śahir) | شَہِراں (śahirāṉ) |
| vocative | شَہِرا (śahirā) | شَہِرو (śahiro) |
| ablative | شَہِروں (śahiroṉ) | — |
| locative | شَہِرے (śahire) | شَہِرِیں (śahirīṉ) |
| instrumental | شَہِرے (śahire) | شَہِرِیں (śahirīṉ) |
References
- “شہر”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2024
- Iqbal, Salah ud-Din (2002) “شہر”, in vaḍḍī panjābī lughat (in Punjabi), Lahore: ʻAzīz Pablisharz
Urdu
Etymology
Borrowed from Classical Persian شَهر (šahr), from Middle Persian 𐭱𐭲𐭥𐭩 (štʿy /šahr/), from Proto-Iranian *xšaθram (likely through Avestan 𐬑𐬱𐬀𐬚𐬭𐬀 (xšaθra, “kingdom”)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kšatrám, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *tek- (“to attain”). Cognate with Sanskrit क्षत्र (kṣatrá, “dominion, kingdom”), and Parthian 𐭇𐭔𐭕𐭓 (ḥštr /xšahr/). Doublet of کھاتا (khātā).
Pronunciation
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /ʃəɦɾ/,
- (Punjabic Urdu) IPA(key):
- Rhymes: -əɾ
Noun
شَہْر • (śahr) m (Hindi spelling शहर)
Declension
| Declension of شہر | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| direct | شہر (śahr) | شہر (śahr) |
| oblique | شہر (śahr) | شہروں (śahrō̃) |
| vocative | شہر (śahr) | شہرو (śahrō) |
Related terms
- شہری (śahrī, “citizen”)
- شہریت (śahriyat, “citizenship”)
Further reading
- “شہر”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
- “شہر”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary , Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
- Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “شہر”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.