صرف

Arabic

Etymology 1

Verb

صَرَفَ • (ṣarafa) I, non-past يَصْرِفُ‎ (yaṣrifu)

1. to turn
2. to divert, to turn away, to avert
3. to dismiss, to send away
4. (grammar) to inflect (a noun) with tanween
5. to change (money)
6. to spend (money, time)
7. to embellish (a speech)
8. to deliver, distribute

Conjugation

Verb

صَرَّفَ • (ṣarrafa) II, non-past يُصَرِّفُ‎ (yuṣarrifu)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 6:65:

     اُنْظُرْ كَيْفَ نُصَرِّفُ الْآيَاتِ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَفْقَهُونَ

     unẓur kayfa nuṣarrifu l-ʔāyāti laʕallahum yafqahūna

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

2. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 25:50:

     وَلَقَدْ صَرَّفْنَاهُ بَيْنَهُمْ لِيَذَّكَّرُوا فَأَبَىٰ أَكْثَرُ النَّاسِ إِلَّا كُفُورًا

     walaqad ṣarrafnāhu baynahum liyaḏḏakkarū faʔabā ʔakṯaru n-nāsi ʔillā kufūran

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

3. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 2:164:

     إِنَّ فِي خَلْقِ ٱلسَّمَاوَاتِ وَٱلْأَرْضِ وَٱخْتِلَافِ ٱللَّيْلِ وَٱلنَّهَارِ وَٱلْفُلْكِ ٱلَّتِي تَجْرِي فِي ٱلْبَحْرِ بِمَا يَنْفَعُ ٱلنَّاسَ وَمَا أَنْزَلَ ٱللَّهُ مِنَ ٱلسَّمَاءِ مِن مَاءٍ فَأَحْيَا بِهِ ٱلْأَرْضَ بَعْدَ مَوْتِهَا وَبَثَّ فِيهَا مِنْ كُلِّ دَابَّةٍ وَتَصْرِيفِ ٱلرِّيَاحِ وَٱلسَّحَابِ ٱلْمُسَخَّرِ بَيْنَ ٱلسَّمَاءِ وَٱلْأَرْضِ لَآيَاتٍ لِّقَوْمٍ يَعْقِلُونَ

     ʔinna fī ḵalqi s-samāwāti wal-ʔarḍi waḵtilāfi l-layli wan-nahāri wal-fulki llatī tajrī fī l-baḥri bimā yanfaʕu n-nāsa wamā ʔanzala l-lahu mina s-samāʔi min māʔin faʔaḥyā bihi l-ʔarḍa baʕda mawtihā wabaṯṯa fīhā min kulli dābbatin wataṣrīfi r-riyāḥi was-saḥābi l-musaḵḵari bayna s-samāʔi wal-ʔarḍi laʔāyātin lliqawmin yaʕqilūna

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

4. (linguistic morphology) to inflect

Conjugation

Verb

صَرَفَ • (ṣarafa) I, non-past يَصْرِفُ‎ (yaṣrifu)

1. to drink (wine) unmixed

Conjugation

Verb

صَرَفَ • (ṣarafa) I, non-past يَصْرِفُ‎ (yaṣrifu)

1. to creak, to grate

Conjugation

Etymology 2

Noun

صَرْف • (ṣarf) m

1. verbal noun of صَرَفَ (ṣarafa) (form I)
2. diverting, averting, turning away
3. expenditure, expense
4. delivery, distribution
5. (grammar) morphology, the breaking down and manipulating of roots
   • 1894, Ahmad Al-Hamalāwi, “مُقَدِّمَة فِي تَعْرِيفِ الصَّرْفِ [muqaddima(t) fī taʕrīfi ṣ-ṣarfi, Introduction]”, in Muḥammad Aḥmad Qāsim, editor, شذا العرف في فن الصرف, المكتبة العصرية, published 2003, →ISBN, page 23:

     الصَّرفُ، ويُقال له التصريف، وهو لغة: التغيير، ومن تصريف الرياح، أي: تغييرها^[١]. واصطلاحاً بالمعنى العَمَليّ: تحويل الأصل الواحد إلى أمثلة مختلفة، لمعان مقصودة، لا تحصل إلّا بها، كاسمي الفاعل والمفعول، واسم التفضيل، والتثنية والجمع، إلى غير ذلك^[٢]. وبالمعنى العِلْميّ^[٣]: علم بأصول يُعْرف بها أحوالُ أبنية الكلمة، التي ليست بإعراب ولا بناء^(١).

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

6. (grammar) inflection of nouns with tanween

Declension

Descendants

• → Azerbaijani: sərf
• → Persian: صرف
  • → Urdu: صرف
• → Ottoman Turkish: صرف (sarf)
  • → Turkish: sarf
• → Uzbek: sarf

Persian

Etymology 1

From Arabic صَرْف (ṣarf).

Pronunciation

Noun

صرف • (sarf)

1. conjugation
2. spending; consuming
3. (linguistics) morphology

Derived terms

• صرف کردن (sarf kardan)

Descendants

• → Punjabi: ਸਰਫ਼ (saraf)

Etymology 2

From Arabic صِرْف (ṣirf). Of likely Iranian origin; compare Old Armenian սուրբ (surb), Sanskrit शुभ्र (śubhra).

Pronunciation

Adjective

صرف • (serf)

1. mere, pure

Adverb

صرف • (serf)

1. only, merely

Derived terms

• صرفاً (serfan)

Descendants

• → Bengali: স্রেফ (sreph)
• → Hindi: सिर्फ़ (sirf)
• → Punjabi: ਸਿਰਫ਼ (siraf)

South Levantine Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic صَرَفَ (ṣarafa).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sˤa.raf/,

• Audio (al-Lidd)

  (file)

Verb

صرف • (ṣaraf) I (present بصرف (boṣrof))

1. to spend money
2. to change money (to another currency or into smaller units)
3. to dismiss, to fire (from work)

   Synonyms: عزل (ʕazal), فصل (faṣal), وقّف شغله (waʔʔaf šuḡlo)

Conjugation

Urdu

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Classical Persian صرف (sirf), from Arabic صِرْف (ṣirf).

Adverb

صرف • (sirf) (Hindi spelling सिर्फ़)

1. only, just

   Synonym: بس (bas)

   مجھے صرف دو اور روپے کی ضرورت ہے۔

   mujhe sirf do aur rupe kī zarūrat hai.

   I only need two more rupees.

Adjective

صرف • (sirf) (indeclinable, Hindi spelling सिर्फ़)

1. only

   Synonym: کیوَل (keval)

   صرف دو منٹ ― sirf do minaṭ ― only two minutes

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Classical Persian صرف (sarf), from Arabic صَرْف (ṣarf).

Noun

صرف • (sarf) m (Hindi spelling सर्फ़)

1. (linguistics) morphology