صلب

Arabic

Etymology 1

Also Aramaic / Hebrew צָלַב (ṣāláḇ), Ge'ez ጸለበ (ṣäläbä), but mostly within Arabic a denominal verb of صَلِيب (ṣalīb, “cross”), plausibly also interpreted after the native صَلَّبَ (ṣallaba, “to prop up, to support”).

Verb

صَلَبَ • (ṣalaba) I, non-past يَصْلُبُ or يَصْلِبُ‎ (yaṣlubu or yaṣlibu)

1. to crucify
2. to barbecue
3. to enkindle, to set on fire, to ignite

Conjugation

Verb

صَلَّبَ • (ṣallaba) II, non-past يُصَلِّبُ‎ (yuṣallibu)

1. to crucify
   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 7:124:

     لَأُقَطِّعَنَّ أَيْدِيَكُمْ وَأَرْجُلَكُم مِّنْ خِلَافٍ ثُمَّ لَأُصَلِّبَنَّكُمْ أَجْمَعِينَ

     laʔuqaṭṭiʕanna ʔaydiyakum waʔarjulakum mmin ḵilāfin ṯumma laʔuṣallibannakum ʔajmaʕīna

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

2. to make crossed, to cross
3. (Christianity) to cross oneself, to make the sign of the cross

Conjugation

Descendants

• Maltese: sallab

Etymology 2

Derived from the verbal noun of صَلَبَ (ṣalaba).

Pronunciation

• Audio (ṣalb)

  (file)

Noun

صَلْب • (ṣalb) m

1. (uncountable) crucifixion

Declension

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sˤulb/

Verb

صَلُبَ • (ṣaluba) I, non-past يَصْلُبُ‎ (yaṣlubu)

1. to be or become rigid, to be or become solid, to be or become stiff, to be or become unyielding, to be or become sturdy

Conjugation

Verb

صَلَّبَ • (ṣallaba) II, non-past يُصَلِّبُ‎ (yuṣallibu)

1. to stiffen, to harden, to make sturdy, to render tough
2. to support, to prop

Conjugation

Adjective

صُلْب • (ṣulb) (feminine صُلْبَة (ṣulba), common plural أَصْلَاب (ʔaṣlāb) or أَصْلُب (ʔaṣlub) or صِلَبَة (ṣilaba), feminine plural صُلْبَات (ṣulbāt), elative أَصْلَب (ʔaṣlab))

1. firm, stiff, solid
   • c. 1200, يحيى بن محمد بن أحمد بن العوام [yaḥyā ibn muḥammad ibn ʔaḥmad ibn al-ʕawwām], edited by José Antonio Banqueri, كتاب الفلاحة [Book on Agriculture], volume 2, Madrid: Imprenta Real, published 1802^IA, Cap. 29, Art. 15, pages 386–387:

     وَٱلشَّكْوَسُ قَالَ أَبُو ٱلْخَيْرِ وَغَيْرِهِ هُوَ ٱلْوَرْدُ ٱلْفَحْصِيُّ وَقِيلَ ٱلْبَرِيُّ وَهُوَ نَوْعَانِ أَحَدُهُمَا يُسَمَّى بِٱلْعَجَمِيَّةِ ٱلرَّحْبَلُ وَرَقُهُ فِي قَدْرِ وَرَقِ ٱلزَّيْتُونِ وَأَطْوَلُ وَأَعْرَضُ أََغْبَرُ أَحْرَشُ وَأَغْصَانُهُ خَشِنَةٌ صُلْبَةٌ إِلَى ٱلْبَيَاضِ مَا هِيَ تَطْلَعُ فِي زَمَنِ ٱلرَّبِيعِ نُوْرُهُ كَٱلْوَرْدِ حَمْرَاءُ فَائِتَةٌ وَفِي وَسَطِهَا صُفْرَةٌ وَهَذَا هُوَ ٱلْمُسَمَّى ٱلْوَرْدُ ٱلْفَحْصِيُّ وَيُقَالُ إِنَّ ٱلْوَرْدَ إِنْ رَكِبَ فِيهِ فَيَنْجِبُ وَٱلنَّوْعُ ٱلثَّانِي مِنَ ٱلشَّكْوَسِ وَرَقُهُ أَصْغَرُ مِنْ وَرَقِ ٱلْأَوَّلِ وَأَشَدُّ خُضْرَةً وَهًوَ أَحْرَشُ بَيْنَ ٱلْاِسْتِدَارِ وَٱلطُّولِ وَأَغْصَانِهِ إِلَى ٱلْحَمْرَاءِ مَا هِيَ تَطْلَعُ وَرْدًا أَبْيَضَا نَاصِعَةً فِي وَسَطِهَا وَكِلَاهُمَا لَاحِقٌ بِٱلْأَشْجَارِ.

     waš-šakwasu qāla ʔabū l-ḵayri waḡayrihi huwa l-wardu l-faḥṣiyyu waqīla l-bariyyu wahuwa nawʕāni ʔaḥaduhumā yusammā bi-l-ʕajamiyyati r-raḥbalu waraquhu fī qadri waraqi z-zaytūni waʔaṭwalu waʔaʕraḍu ʔaaḡbaru ʔaḥrašu waʔaḡṣānuhu ḵašinatun ṣulbatun ʔilā l-bayāḍi mā hiya taṭlaʕu fī zamani r-rabīʕi nuwruhu kal-wardi ḥamrāʔu fāʔitatun wafī wasaṭihā ṣufratun wahaḏā huwa l-musammā l-wardu l-faḥṣiyyu wayuqālu ʔinna l-warda ʔin rakiba fīhi fayanjibu wan-nawʕu ṯ-ṯānī mina š-šakwasi waraquhu ʔaṣḡaru min waraqi l-ʔawwali waʔašaddu ḵuḍratan wahanwa ʔaḥrašu bayna l-istidāri waṭ-ṭūli waʔaḡṣānihi ʔilā l-ḥamrāʔi mā hiya taṭlaʕu wardan ʔabyaḍā nāṣiʕatan fī wasaṭihā wakilāhumā lāḥiqun bi-l-ʔašjāri.

     And the rockrose, say Abū al-Ḵayr and others, is the field rose, and also the land rose, it is said, and there are two kinds: One is called in Berber raḥbal and its leaves are of the dimensions of the leaves of the olive but longer and wider, more gray and rugged, and its branches are rough, stiff and lean into white, and in spring it blossoms in roses of a red hue you almost miss, and in their mid there is yellow and this is called field rose, and it is said that if a rose is grafted onto it it will prevail. The second kind of rockrose has smaller leaves than the first, of a more intense green, and it is more rugged around and along, and its branches lean into red and spawn white roses, vivid in the middle. And both liaise with trees.

Declension

Adjective

صُلَّب • (ṣullab)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Noun

صُلْب • (ṣulb) m (plural أَصْلُب (ʔaṣlub) or أَصْلَاب (ʔaṣlāb))

1. backbone, the bone extending from the base of the neck to the coccyx
   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 86:5-7:

     فَلْيَنْظُرِ ٱلْإِنْسَانُ مِمَّ خُلِقَ خُلِقَ مِنْ مَاءٍ دَافِقٍ يَخْرُجُ مِنْ بَيْنِ ٱلصُّلْبِ وَٱلتَّرَائِبِ

     falyanẓuri l-ʔinsānu mimma ḵuliqa ḵuliqa min māʔin dāfiqin yaḵruju min bayni ṣ-ṣulbi wat-tarāʔibi

     So let man look around: what is it that he was made of? / He was made out of out-flowing water. / From between the spine and the breastbone, it gushes out.

2. loins
3. steel

Declension

Etymology 4

Noun

صُلُب • (ṣulub) pl

1. plural of صَلِيب (ṣalīb)

References

• “ṣlb”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• “ṣalāpu”, in The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago (CAD)‎, volume 15, S, Chicago: University of Chicago Oriental Institute, 1984, page 71
• Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “صلب”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes‎ (in French), volume 1, Leiden: E. J. Brill, pages 840–841
• Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 276
• Freytag, Georg (1833) “صلب”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, pages 510–511
• Lane, Edward William (1863) “صلب”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate, pages 1711–1713
• Jeffery, Arthur (1938) The Foreign Vocabulary of the Qurʾān (Gaekwad’s Oriental Series; 79), Baroda: Oriental Institute, page 197
• Nöldeke, Theodor (1910) Neue Beiträge zur semitischen Sprachwissenschaft‎ (in German), Straßburg: Karl J. Trübner, page 35
• Vollers, Karl (1896) “Beiträge zur Kenntniss der lebenden arabischen Sprache in Aegypten”, in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft‎ (in German), volume 50, page 614
• Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “صلب”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎ (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 721

South Levantine Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic صَلَّبَ (ṣallaba).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sˤal.lab/,

• Audio (Ramallah)

  (file)

Verb

صلّب • (ṣallab) II (present بصلّب (biṣalleb))

1. to crucify

Conjugation