ضرب

Arabic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dˤa.ra.ba/
• IPA^(key): /dˤa.ri.ba/
• IPA^(key): /dˤu.ri.ba/
• IPA^(key): /dˤa.ru.ba/
• IPA^(key): /dˤar.ra.ba/
• IPA^(key): /dˤarb/
• IPA^(key): /dˤa.rab/

Verb

ضَرَبَ • (ḍaraba) I, non-past يَضْرِبُ‎ (yaḍribu)

1. to strike, to beat, hit

   ضَرَبَ رَأْسَهُ بِٱلْجِدَارِ

   ḍaraba raʔsahu bi-l-jidāri

   He hit his head against the wall.

2. to cut off
3. to pitch (a tent)
4. to coin
5. to set or posit as an example or make a simile of, to be proverbial with
   • a. 1338, ʿabd al-muʾmīn ibn ʿabd al-ḥaqq ṣafīy ad-dīn al-baḡdādīy, مراصد الاطلاع على الأمكنة والبقاع‎:

     خِلَاط
     بكَسر أوله، وآخره طاء مهملة: بلدة عامرة مشهورة كثيرة الخيرات، وهى قصبة أرمينية الوسطى، يضرب ببردها فى الشتاء المثل، وبُحَيْرَتُها يُجلَبُ منها السمك الطّرّيخ، [على وزن سكّين] ^«٣» ، ليس فى غيرها، يُحمَلُ إلى سائرِ البلاد البعيدة، وهى من العجب، فإنها عشرة أشهر لا يوجد فيها حيوان، لا سمك ولا غيره، ثم يَظهر بها السمك مدة شهرين، فيُصاد ويكبس.

     Xlat: A flourishing, famous town, full of amenities, it is a fortress of Central Armenia, and its burd clothing sets an example in winter, and there is Lake Van whence one imports the pearl mullet, to which there is no equal, which is carried to the rest of the towns far away, it’s wonderful, ten months the animal is not found therein, no fish nor anything, then there appears fish for two months, and is caught and pickled.

     Turkish translation in Gök, H. İbrahim (2014) XIII ve XIV. Yüzyıla ait bir coğrafya sözlüğü: Merâsidü’l-ittılâʾ ve Anadolu’ya dair kayıtları‎, Kırıkkale, page 147

6. to play (an instrument)
7. (intransitive) to move, pass away
8. to be long (of the night)
9. to lay hold upon
10. to impose (tribute, etc.), to inflict
    • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 3:112:

      ضُرِبَتْ عَلَيْهِمُ الذِّلَّةُ أَيْنَ مَا ثُقِفُوا إِلَّا بِحَبْلٍ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَحَبْلٍ مِنَ النَّاسِ

      ḍuribat ʕalayhimu ḏ-ḏillatu ʔayna mā ṯuqifū ʔillā biḥablin mina l-lahi waḥablin mina n-nāsi

      Ignominy shall be their portion wheresoever they are found save (where they grasp) a rope from Allah and a rope from men.

11. (construed with عَن (ʕan)) to leave, to abandon, to turn away (from)

Conjugation

Descendants

• Maltese: darab
• → English: drub (perhaps)
• Spanish: adarvar

Verb

ضَرَبَ • (ḍaraba) I, non-past يَضْرِبُ‎ (yaḍribu)

1. to depart, set out, bestir oneself
2. (construed with عَلَى (ʕalā)) to attack
3. (transitive, construed with بِ (bi)) to mix (something) with
4. (transitive, construed with إِلَى (ʔilā)) to incline towards by its appearance, to shade
   • a. 1248, ابن البيطار [Ibn al-Bayṭār], الجامع لمفردات الأدوية والأغذية [De simplicibus medicinis opus magnum]:

     قرنوة: الغافقي: قال قوم أنها الهرنوة والقرنوة أيضاً حشيشة. […] قال أبو حنيفة: هي عشبة يضرب ورقها إلى الحمرة وهي مرة يدبغ بها. وقال أيضاً عن بعضهم: هي خضراء غبراء على ساق لها ثمرة كالسنبلة ومنابتها السهول وهي مرعى. وقال آخر: القرنوة عشبة يطول ورقها كورق الحندقوقا عفصة تستعمل في دباغة الجلود وقيل أنها هذه الحشيشة المعروفة بالأنجبار.

     Aloeswood. Al-Ġāfaqīy: Some say that these seeds of aloe are a herb. Abū Ḥanīfa: The tender leaves of this herb tend towards red and this is when they are used for tanning. And some authors said they are dingy towards the foot and have fruits like ears like spikes growing on plains and used for pasturage. Another said: It’s a plant of long leaves like honey lotus the gall of which is used for tanning hides and it has been said it is a herb known as al-anjabār.

5. (arithmetic) (construed with فِي (fī)) to multiply with
6. to pulsate, to throb

Conjugation

Verb

ضَرَبَ • (ḍaraba) I, non-past يَضْرِبُ‎ (yaḍribu)

1. to mount (a female camel)

Conjugation

Verb

ضَرَبَ • (ḍaraba) I, non-past يَضْرُبُ‎ (yaḍrubu)

1. to get the better of in beating

Conjugation

Verb

ضَرِبَ • (ḍariba) I, non-past يَضْرَبُ‎ (yaḍrabu)
ضُرِبَ • (ḍuriba) I, non-past يُضْرَبُ‎ (yuḍrabu)

1. to be smitten by hoarfrost or rime

Conjugation

Verb

ضَرُبَ • (ḍaruba) I, non-past يَضْرُبُ‎ (yaḍrubu)

1. to give a violent hit, give a sound blow

Conjugation

Verb

ضَرَّبَ • (ḍarraba) II, non-past يُضَرِّبُ‎ (yuḍarribu)

1. to beat violently or repeatedly
2. to mix, mix up
3. to stir up discord
4. to sew on a lining or padding
5. to drink of the milk called ضَرِيب (ḍarīb, “milk of several camels in the same bucket”)
6. to get overtaken by the snow (ضَرِيب (ḍarīb, “snow, hoarfrost, ice”))
7. to be deep-set (of an eye)

Conjugation

Noun

ضَرْب • (ḍarb) m (plural ضُرُوب (ḍurūb) or أَضْرُب (ʔaḍrub))

1. verbal noun of ضَرَبَ (ḍaraba, “to beat”) (form I)
2. beating, striking, hitting
3. violence, power
4. haste, hurry
5. the playing of musical instruments
6. minting
7. (arithmetic) multiplication
8. make, form, fashion, mold, cast
9. sort, species
10. report of a gun
11. similarity
12. last foot of the second hemistich

Declension

Descendants

• → Azerbaijani: zərb
• → Persian: ضرب
• → Ottoman Turkish: ضرب
  • → Turkish: darp
• → Uzbek: zarb

Adjective

ضَرْب • (ḍarb) (masculine plural أَضْرَاب (ʔaḍrāb))

1. who beats much
2. brave, bold
3. active, clever
4. of a slender make and not fleshy
5. slight, light
6. beaten
7. coined
8. similar, like

Declension

Noun

ضَرَب • (ḍarab) m

1. verbal noun of ضُرِبَ (ḍuriba) (form I)
2. verbal noun of ضَرِبَ (ḍariba) (form I)

Declension

References

• Lane, Edward William (1863) “ضرب”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate
• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “ضرب”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen
• Wehr, Hans (1979) “ضرب”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN