عدو

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Arabic

Root
ع د و (ʕ d w)
16 terms

Pronunciation

Noun

عَدُوّ • (ʕaduww) m (plural أَعْدَاء (ʔaʕdāʔ) or عِدًى (ʕidan) or عُدًى (ʕudan) or أَعَادٍ (ʔaʕādin), feminine عَدُوّ (ʕaduww) or عَدُوَّة (ʕaduwwa))

  1. enemy; foe
    Antonyms: صَدِيق (ṣadīq), حَلِيف (ḥalīf), خَلِيل (ḵalīl), نَصِير (naṣīr)
    • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 43:67:
      الْأَخِلَّاءُ يَوْمَئِذٍ بَعْضُهُمْ لِبَعْضٍ عَدُوٌّ إِلَّا الْمُتَّقِينَ
      al-ʔaḵillāʔu yawmaʔiḏin baʕḍuhum li-baʕḍin ʕaduwwun ʔillā l-muttaqīna
      Close friends, that Day, will be enemies to each other, except for the righteous.
    • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 63:4:
      هُمُ ٱلْعَدُوُّ فَٱحْذَرْهُمْ
      humu l-ʕaduwwu faḥḏarhum
      They are the enemy, so beware of them.

Declension

Declension of noun عَدُوّ (ʕaduww)
Singular basic singular triptote
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal عَدُوّ
ʕaduww 		الْعَدُوّ
al-ʕaduww 		عَدُوّ
ʕaduww
Nominative عَدُوٌّ
ʕaduwwun 		الْعَدُوُّ
al-ʕaduwwu 		عَدُوُّ
ʕaduwwu
Accusative عَدُوًّا
ʕaduwwan 		الْعَدُوَّ
al-ʕaduwwa 		عَدُوَّ
ʕaduwwa
Genitive عَدُوٍّ
ʕaduwwin 		الْعَدُوِّ
al-ʕaduwwi 		عَدُوِّ
ʕaduwwi
Dual Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal عَدُوَّيْن
ʕaduwwayn 		الْعَدُوَّيْن
al-ʕaduwwayn 		عَدُوَّيْ
ʕaduwway
Nominative عَدُوَّانِ
ʕaduwwāni 		الْعَدُوَّانِ
al-ʕaduwwāni 		عَدُوَّا
ʕaduwwā
Accusative عَدُوَّيْنِ
ʕaduwwayni 		الْعَدُوَّيْنِ
al-ʕaduwwayni 		عَدُوَّيْ
ʕaduwway
Genitive عَدُوَّيْنِ
ʕaduwwayni 		الْعَدُوَّيْنِ
al-ʕaduwwayni 		عَدُوَّيْ
ʕaduwway
Plural basic broken plural triptote‎; broken plural in ـًى (-an)‎; broken plural diptote in ـٍ (-in)
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal أَعْدَاء‎; عِدَى‎; عُدَى‎; أَعَادِي
ʔaʕdāʔ‎; ʕidā‎; ʕudā‎; ʔaʕādī 		الْأَعْدَاء‎; الْعِدَى‎; الْعُدَى‎; الْأَعَادِي
al-ʔaʕdāʔ‎; al-ʕidā‎; al-ʕudā‎; al-ʔaʕādī 		أَعْدَاء‎; عِدَى‎; عُدَى‎; أَعَادِي
ʔaʕdāʔ‎; ʕidā‎; ʕudā‎; ʔaʕādī
Nominative أَعْدَاءٌ‎; عِدًى‎; عُدًى‎; أَعَادٍ
ʔaʕdāʔun‎; ʕidan‎; ʕudan‎; ʔaʕādin 		الْأَعْدَاءُ‎; الْعِدَى‎; الْعُدَى‎; الْأَعَادِي
al-ʔaʕdāʔu‎; al-ʕidā‎; al-ʕudā‎; al-ʔaʕādī 		أَعْدَاءُ‎; عِدَى‎; عُدَى‎; أَعَادِي
ʔaʕdāʔu‎; ʕidā‎; ʕudā‎; ʔaʕādī
Accusative أَعْدَاءً‎; عِدًى‎; عُدًى‎; أَعَادِيَ
ʔaʕdāʔan‎; ʕidan‎; ʕudan‎; ʔaʕādiya 		الْأَعْدَاءَ‎; الْعِدَى‎; الْعُدَى‎; الْأَعَادِيَ
al-ʔaʕdāʔa‎; al-ʕidā‎; al-ʕudā‎; al-ʔaʕādiya 		أَعْدَاءَ‎; عِدَى‎; عُدَى‎; أَعَادِيَ
ʔaʕdāʔa‎; ʕidā‎; ʕudā‎; ʔaʕādiya
Genitive أَعْدَاءٍ‎; عِدًى‎; عُدًى‎; أَعَادٍ
ʔaʕdāʔin‎; ʕidan‎; ʕudan‎; ʔaʕādin 		الْأَعْدَاءِ‎; الْعِدَى‎; الْعُدَى‎; الْأَعَادِي
al-ʔaʕdāʔi‎; al-ʕidā‎; al-ʕudā‎; al-ʔaʕādī 		أَعْدَاءِ‎; عِدَى‎; عُدَى‎; أَعَادِي
ʔaʕdāʔi‎; ʕidā‎; ʕudā‎; ʔaʕādī

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Maltese: għadu
  • → Northern Kurdish: edû
  • → Persian: عَدو ('adu)
  • → Swahili: adui
  • → Somali: cadow
  • → Tajik: аду (adu)

References

  • Wehr, Hans (1979) “عدو”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

Moroccan Arabic

Root
ع د و
1 term

Etymology

From Arabic عَدُوّ (ʕaduww).

Pronunciation

Noun

عدو • (ʕduww, ʕdū) m (plural عديان (ʕadyān), feminine عدوة (ʕduwwa))

  1. enemy, foe

Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic عَدُوّ (ʕaduww)

Pronunciation

 

Readings
Classical reading? aḏū
Dari reading? adū
Iranian reading? adu
Tajik reading? adu

Noun

Dari عدو
Iranian Persian
Tajik ъаду

عدو • ('adu) (plural اعداء)

  1. enemy, foe

References

  • Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “عدو”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim
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